Objectives: To (1) present an ontological framework for the TNM classifi-cation system, (2) implement a TNM ontology for colon and rectum tumorsbased on this framework, and (3) evaluate this ontology with a classifier forpathology data. Methods: The TNM ontology uses the Foundational Model of Anatomyfor anatomical entities and BioTopLite 2 as a domain top-level ontology.Gene...

The Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) staging system, adopted by the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), has been recently revised, with the new 8th edition of the staging manual being published in January 2017. This edition has few but important evidence-based changes to the TNM staging system used for lung cancer. Radiologists should be...

This study was aimed to validate the 5th and 6th editions of tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) system for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and attempted to improve prognostic stratification by modifying the 6th edition according to vascular invasion and tumor size. From 1986 to 2002, a total of 5,613 HCC cases from Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in southern Taiwan were enrolled. ...

Background Albumin-to-Alkaline Phosphatase Ratio (ALB/ALP ratio, AAPR), a newly developed index of liver function, has been rarely discussed about its prognostic value in malignancies. The current study attempted to evaluate the prognostic prediction of AAPR in advanced HCC. Methods 237 advanced HCC patients who refused any standard anti-cancer therapies were retrospectively analyzed. The thres...

IMPORTANCE Nonanatomic factors, such as histologic grade and biomarkers, can guide breast cancer management but are not included in the current TNM staging system. OBJECTIVE To use as an example the triple-negative phenotype (TNP) defined by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) to examine whether such inclusion improves ...

PURPOSE Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an important prognostic marker in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, in some stages, it does not work. We performed this study to find a way in which preoperative CEA could be used as a constant prognostic marker in harmony with the TNM staging system. METHODS Preoperative CEA levels and recurrences in CRC were surveyed. The distribution of CEA levels ...

In 2007, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer proposed changes to the sixth edition of the lung cancer stage classification system, which were adopted by the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer in 2009 (TNM-7). Using historic patient data, the effects of reclassification from the TNM-6 to the TNM-7 system were researched within a single institution. We retrospectively re...

The TNM classification (Tumour-Node-Metastasis) is the most important coding scheme used to stage tumours based on size or location. Its coding rules often change with different TNM versions, such that the same tumour may be represented by different codes in different TNM versions. We present an ontologybased modular architecture for the management of the TNM coding system. Separate OWL files r...

BACKGROUND In this study, we established a hypothetical tumor-lodds-metastasis (TLM) and tumor-ratio-metastasis (TRM) staging system. Moreover, we compared them with the 7(th) edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor-nodes-metastasis (AJCC TNM) staging system in gastric cancer patients after D2 resection. METHODS A total of 1000 gastric carcinoma patients receiving treatment in our...