Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a dsRNA sensing receptor that is localized in the cellular compartments but also at the plasma membrane. Overexpression of UNC93B1 promoted localization of TLR3, but not other nucleic acid sensing TLRs, to the plasma membrane. Here we show that UNC93B1 itself is localized at the plasma membrane. We investigated the role of different domains of TLR3 on cell signali...

Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) signaling has been implicated in neural stem/precursor cell (NPC) proliferation. However, the molecular mechanisms involved, and their relationship to classical TLR-mediated innate immune pathways, remain unknown. Here, we report investigation of the mechanics of TLR3 signaling in neurospheres comprised of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-responsive NPC isolated from mu...

Despite its potential for involvement in viral immunity, little evidence links TLR3 to adaptive antiviral responses. Here we show that TLR3 is required for the generation of CD8 T cell immunity to HSV-1. The magnitude of the gB-specific CD8 T cell response after flank infection by HSV-1 was significantly reduced in mice lacking TIR domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-beta or TLR3, but not My...

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 is an endosomal TLR that mediates immune responses against viral infections upon activation by its ligand double-stranded RNA, a replication intermediate of most viruses. TLR3 is expressed widely in the body and activates both the innate and adaptive immune systems. However, little is known about how TLR3 intracellular trafficking and maturation are regulated. Here we...

Toll-like receptors 3 and 7 (TLR3 7) mediate immune responses through the recognition of viral single-stranded RNA double-stranded therefore play important roles in host defense. Differences TLR3 or may affect resistance to infection. To illuminate these differences, partial coding sequence (CDS) genes were cloned amplified from Phasianus colchicus Numida meleagris, total 64 avian species seque...

the role of microbiota in health and disease is the subject of rigorous investigation. several studies have demonstrated that microbiota and the pattern-recognition receptors contribute to intestinal tumourigenesis; the exact mechanism of which is still obscure. myd88 is the downstream effector of all toll-like receptors (tlrs) except tlr3. however, the alternative myd88-independent pathway is ...

In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, the intratumoral expression of Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3) correlates with prolonged survival. We demonstrated that TLR3 ligands can operate through three independent mechanisms: by directly killing TLR3-expressing cancer cells, by inducing T- and natural killer (NK)-cell infiltration and by activating TLR3-expressing NK cells.

Based on pristane-induced arthritis (PIA), we found that T cells mediate TLR3 overexpression in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). The aim of this study is to determine key factors by which T cells induce TLR3 expression. Rat FLS were co-cultured with pristane primed T cell conditioned medium (PPT medium), and TLR3 expression of FLS was significantly induced. TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17 were domina...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential immunoreceptors involved in host defence against invading microbes. Recent studies indicate that certain TLRs activate immunological autophagy to eliminate microbes. It remains unknown whether TLRs regulate autophagy to play a role in the heart. This study examined this question. The activation of TLR3 in cultured cardiomyocytes was observed to increase ...

PURPOSE Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most drug-refractory cancers. The aim of this study is to discover a novel therapeutic target molecule for clear cell RCC (CCRCC), which accounts for the majority of RCC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Gene expression profiles of 27 CCRCCs and 9 normal kidney tissues as well as 15 various adult normal tissues were examined by Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 arra...