Time-cost trade-off is one of the most important subjects in project management and of interest to contractors. The goal of time-cost trade-off is sensivity analysis of project costs to changes in activity duration in order to obtain the best combination of activity duration decrease, in a way that the sum of project costs is minimized. In the heuristics presented in this area, time crashing is...

This research paper adapts intelligent water drops (IWD) algorithm to solve the discrete timecost-quality trade-off problem (DTCQTP) in software projects which is never solved before by this algorithm. Project manager's goal is getting an optimal allocation of time, cost and quality of each task/activity in the software project such that total time and cost of the project is minimized while pro...

Allocating and routing problems in the field of transportation engineering are generally solved using the objective function of minimizing transport cost. Transport risk is a main concern in hazardous material transportation, mainly dependent on the vision of decision makers (national and/or local authorities). In this research work, a trade-off approach has been proposed to determine the safes...

Time–cost trade-off problem is one of the main aspects of project scheduling. Due to variations in the real world, usually, risks in estimation of project parameters are considerably high. Therefore, use of uncertain models, which is capable of formulating vagueness in the real world, to solve time–cost trade-off problems, gives a scheduling with more stability against environmental variations....

background: to extract utility values of diabetic retinopathy on a perfect health and perfect vision scales for iranians with both types diabetes. methods: in this investigation, 150 untreated patients with diabetic retinopathy consecutively were examined and interviewed in farabi eye hospital, tehran, iran, a tertiary referral center in the iranian health care system. utility values based on p...