Persistent above average precipitation and runoff and associated increased sediment transfers from cultivated ecosystems to rivers and oceans are due to changes in climate and human action. The US Upper Midwest has experienced a 37% increase in precipitation (1958-2012), leading to increased crop damage from excess water and off-farm loss of soil and nutrients. Farmer adaptive management respon...

a system has been referred to as green fallow (Gardner et al., 1993). These systems have sometimes been sucGrowing a legume cover crop in place of fallow in a winter wheat cessful in the cooler regions of the northern Great Plains (Triticum aestivum L.)–fallow system can provide protection against (Zentner et al., 2001). Zentner et al. (2004) reported that erosion while adding N to the soil. Ho...

Garrison creeping foxtail can increase the forage yield of wet meadows. However, tillage can be problematic on heavy-textured soils and thick sod mats often associated with wet meadows. This study examined the potential of establishing Garrison with the use of herbicides and no-till planting. Garrison was no-till drilled into a wet meadow using herbicide control of existing vegetation in the en...

In cold climates, snowmelt runoff often exceeds rainfall runoff during the year. Conservation tillage practices may be effective in reducing runoff during the cropping season but not during the snowmelt period. A plot study was conducted on a cropped hillslope to assess how tillage practices affect snowmelt runoff and the associated losses of sediment, phosphorus (P), and chemical oxygen demand...

Background In the last two decades, herbicide-resistant biotypes of Conyza bonariensis, canadensis, and sumatrensis were identified. Objective: To evaluate herbicide alternatives for control C. to replace simplified management at soybean pre-sowing in no-till system assess potential injury soybeans. Methods Four experiments conducted Palotina, PR, alternative managements herbicides commonly use...

The cultivation of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) for table or horticultural purposes is largely carried out in the conventional way which characterized by intense mechanization causing soil degradation and high labor costs. New techniques are being employed production vegetables aiming to ensure improvements environmental economic conditions, such as no-till farming system. Thus, objective this...

INTRODUCTION The primary limitations of conventional weed control programs include a heavy reliance on capital intensive, toxic, and non-renewable resources (pesticides and petrochemicals) to manage weed competition. Weed emergence from the soil top layers is facilitated by the continuous disturbance created through cultivation, irrigation, pesticide applications, machinery, and other cultural ...

Introduction Conservation tillage has been one of the most rapidly adopted agricultural practices of the past 15 years (CTIC, 1983). The primary impetus for conservation tillage has been decreased soil erosion; fuel, labor, and machinery costs; and increased soil water storage and yields (USDA, 1975). Conservation tillage may be broad­ ly defined as tillage practices that reduce soil and water ...

The information presented is part of ongoing research to identify effective conservation tillage systems and phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer placements for corn and soybeans. The rate of adoption of the no-till system by Iowa producers has decreased after a marked increase during the late 80s and early 90s. Actually, the area of no-till corn has decreased slightly since 1994. Severa...