Quantum error-correcting codes have a distance parameter, conveying the minimum number of single spin errors that could cause error correction to fail. However, the success thresholds of the finite per-qubit error rate that have been proven for the likes of the toric code require them to work well beyond this limit. We argue that, without the assumption of being below the distance limit, the su...

The theoretical concepts of quantum computation in the idealized and undisturbed case are well understood. However, in practice, all quantum computation devices do suffer from decoherence effects as well as from operational imprecisions. This work assesses the power of error-prone quantum computation devices using largescale numerical simulations on parallel supercomputers. We present the Jueli...

This paper presents cross-country evidence on a non-linear Okun curve. The analysis is based on a simple error–correction model of unemployment. The model is estimated using a threshold model estimator. Evidence from 20 OECD countries for the period 1960–1997 provides support for the existence of non-linearities in terms of the output growth effects. Output growth has a strong effect on unemplo...

this study considers the price transmission mechanism between farm and retail levels of beef market in east azerbaijan with weekly prices over 1377:1 to 1390:52 periods. to this end, using advantages of multivariate models, hansen- seo (2002)'s two- regime threshold vector error correction model (tvecm) was estimated by the maximum likelihood approach for evaluate the price transmission me...

Quantum error correction is a crucial step to realize large-scale universal quantum computing, and the condition for realizing that probability of each operation must below some threshold. This requires qubits’ quality gates precision can reach certain level experimentally. We firstly discuss mechanism errors: corresponds unitary operator errors, qubits attributed decoherence. Then, according t...

A small macroeconomic model is constructed starting from a German money demand relation for M3 based on quarterly, seasonally unadjusted data for the period from 1976 to 1996. In contrast to previous studies we build a vector error correction model for M3, GNP, an innation rate and an interest rate spread variable to represent opportunity costs of holding money. Furthermore, import price innati...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the system of oil revenues effects on the production performance of oil-rich countries in both short and long-run. To reveal new insight, a macroeconomic model is designed to hypothesize long-run structural relations in the economies of the oil-rich countries including three long-run relationships of real output, real money balance, and the adjusted p...