Inherent crystalline domains present in low formaldehyde to urea (F/U) molar ratio urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins are responsible for their poor adhesion wood-based composite panels. To modify the crystallinity of (LMR) UF resins, this study investigates additional effect cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs), such as microfibrils (CMFs), nanofibrils (CNFs), and TEMPO-oxidized CNFs (TEMPO-CNFs) on modi...

The objective of this research was to provide a useful approach of polymer synthesis for accelerating the fast cure of phenol-urea-formaldehyde (PUF) resin as wood adhesive by optimizing its structure and composition. The PUF resins containing high contents of very reactive groups such as para-methylol groups were synthesized by reacting methylolurea, phenol, and formaldehyde in the presence of...

Results of the toxicological studies of working conditions, general and professional morbidity, and complex examinations carried out on workers engaged in the production of polyamides, polyacrylonitrile fibers, polyester fibers and poly (vinyl chloride) resin, urea-formaldehyde glue, glass fibre materials and polyurethane resins are given. An extremely high occupational hazard for workers in th...

Phenolic resins, phenol-formaldehyde polymers previously thought to be nonbiodegradable, are produced at an annual rate of 2.2 million metric tons in the United States for many industrial and commercial applications. Three independent lines of evidence established their biodegradability with the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Chromatic transformation of growth medium (yellow to p...

When applying an adhesive to wood, the chemical heterogeneity of wood cell walls makes it difficult understand contribution they make interfacial adhesion between and as is a very complex physical phenomenon. This study, for first time, directly measured surface cellulose, major component urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin adhesives. The thin, smooth nanocellulose films, such cellulose nanofibrils (C...