The objective of this investigation was to examine the effectiveness of a magnetic ion exchange resin (MIEX) to enhance the coagulation of disinfection by-product precursors in nine surface waters, each representing a different element of the USEPA's 3 x 3 enhanced coagulation matrix. The effect of MIEX-pretreatment on the requisite alum dose needed for subsequent coagulation of turbidity was a...

The formation of bacterial regrowth and disinfection by-products is ubiquitous in chlorinated water distribution systems (WDSs) operated with organic loads. A generic, easy-to-use mechanistic model describing the fundamental processes governing interrelationship between chlorine, total carbon (TOC), bacteria to analyze spatiotemporal quality variations WDSs was developed using EPANET-MSX. repre...

Problems caused by dissolved organic matter (DOM) present in drinking water include its constituent compounds being precursors in the formation of disinfection by-products that pose risks to human health. The prediction of trihalomethanes (THM) formation is highly challenging due to a wide range of impacting factors, including the concentration and character of DOM, pH, temperature and the pres...

In the framework of a cohort study of pregnant women conducted in Brittany (France), we assessed the exposure to trihalomethanes (THM) during pregnancy in a subset by evaluating (1) potential sources of variability in household THM levels; (2) the between- and within-subject variability in THM levels; (3) THM levels in swimming pools; and (4) the role of water-related habits on total THM uptake...

We report the formation of trihalomethanes and other disinfection by-products from four polyfunctional terpenoids during simulated chlorination of natural waters. Complex suites of products were identified by closed loop stripping analysis (CLSA)/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) from halogenation of beta-carotene and retinol. beta-Ionone appeared to be a key intermediate in the halo...

To reduce public health hazards, greywater reuse may involve disinfection, which is often performed through chlorination. The formation of toxic disinfection by-products a negative side-effect chlorine’s reaction with organic matter, trihalomethanes (THM) are one the most dominant (though not toxic) groups. Greywater treatment in vertical flow constructed wetlands leads to decrease dissolved ma...

For processes such as water injection in deep geothermal production, heat transfer and fluid flow are coupled affect one another, which leads to numerous challenges wellbore structure safety. Due complicated structures, consisting of casing, cement sheaths, formations under high temperature, pressure, situ stress, the effects thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) coupling crucial for instability contro...

Little is known about genetic susceptibility to individual trihalomethanes (THM) in relation to adverse pregnancy outcomes. We conducted a nested case-control study of 682 pregnant women in Kaunas (Lithuania) and, using individual information on drinking water, ingestion, showering and bathing, and uptake factors of THMs in blood, estimated an internal THM dose. We used logistic regression to e...

OBJECTIVES Congenital anomalies have been inconsistently associated with maternal crude estimated exposure to drinking water trihalomethane (THM). We investigated the relationship between individual THM uptake during the first trimester of pregnancy and congenital anomalies. METHODS We estimated maternal THM uptake for 3074 live births using residential tap water concentrations, drinking wate...