For a given source and lens pair, there is a thin on-axis tube-like volume behind the lens in which the radiation flux from the source is greatly increased due to gravitational lensing. Any objects (such as dust grains) which pass through such a thin tube will experience strong bursts of radiation, i.e., Extreme Gravitational Lensing Events (EGLE). We study the physics and statistics of EGLE fo...

The entire tube wall of Dodecaceria caulleryi and D. coralii is composed of thin calcareous lamellae with a spherulitic prismatic ultrastructure. In Diplochaetetes mexicanus the tube ultrastructure is similar, but contains also some lamellae with a homogeneous structure. The biomineralization system of cirratulids has not evolved since the appearance of calcareous tubes in the Oligocene. The tu...

The Rotary-Draw Bending (RDB) process is a distinguished process employed for the precision cold bending of a hollow tube with small radius bends using Numerical Control (NC) machines. This research presents an analytical model based on the power law hardening model for the RDB processing of rectangular thin tubes. Based on the constraints of the tube in the dies and its thinness, the plane str...

We demonstrate the rolling process of strained III-V compound semiconductor films upon epitaxial liftoff from the substrate. The formed tubular structures with diameters in the micron range, embedded with quantum confined GaAs light emitters in the ultra-thin tube walls (< 100 nm) show dramatic enhancement in intensity and reduction of bandgap as a function of tube curvature. Emission character...

A thin tube is an n-dimensional space which is very thin in n−1 directions, compared to the remaining direction, for example the ε-neighborhood of a curve or an embedded graph in Rn for small ε. The Laplacian on thin tubes and related operators have been studied in various contexts, with different goals but overlapping techniques. In this survey we explain some of these contexts, methods and re...

The optical destruction thresholds of conventionally etched and tube-etched near-field optical probes were measured. One of the main advantages of tube-etched tips is their smooth glass surface after taper formation. Presumably for this reason, a destruction limit of over 120 microJ was obtained, almost twice as large as that of the rougher, conventionally etched fibre probes. The use of additi...

The variation of the breakdown voltage of a low frequency electrical pulsed discharge due to an external electrode is reported. The discharge tube consists of a thin glass tube having two internal hollow electrodes. A thin copper foil wrapped around the glass tube forms the external electrode. The internal electrodes of the discharge tube are supplied by a flyback converter. Its operating point...

Abstract In this article we study the effect of a transitional layer in magnetic tube on real part frequencies kink oscillations. our analysis, use model straight with density and cross-section radius varying along loop, thin-tube thin-boundary (TTTB) approximation. First, calculate correction to fundamental frequency show that it is positive order ratio thickness loop $\ell $ <mml:math xmlns:m...