Net product entry is procyclical, which amplifies fluctuations in consumer welfare over the cycle if consumers have love for variety. Using barcode-level data covering grocery expenditures in 26 major cities, I establish that differences in city-level product entry are largely uncorrelated with local economic conditions. I provide evidence that city-level changes in product variety over the bus...

W hen the Brain Attack Coalition began to publish recommendations for the development of Stroke Centers, they chose to begin with primary stroke centers (PSCs), in the hope that such centers would impact the largest number of patients in the shortest period of time. 1,2 Currently, in the United States, there are >1000 PSCs certified by the Joint Commission, and likely several hundred more certi...

BACKGROUND/AIM Discussions of doping often report Goldman's sensational results that half of the elite athletes asked would take a drug that guaranteed sporting success which would also result in their death in 5 years' time. There has never been any effort to assess the properties of the 'Goldman dilemma' or replicate the results in the post World Anti-Doping Agency context. This research eval...

health reforms that emphasize public health and improvements in primary care can be cost-effective measures to achieve health improvements, especially in developing countries that face severe resource constraints. in their paper “shanghai rising: health improvements as measured by avoidable mortality since 2000,” gusmano et al suggest that shanghai’s health policy-makers have been successful in...

A recent study has shown that respiratory structures are disproportionately oversized in larger insects, and that oxygen supply to leg muscles may be physically constrained in the largest modern insects. High oxygen concentrations during the Carboniferous may have alleviated these physical constraints allowing the evolution of gigantic arthropods.

Mrs. Mary McCullagh reports on the progress she has been able to make in teaching her son to read, although he had been classified as ineducable. The trouble is, of course, that I'm not supposed to be doing it at all. Once your child is classified as 'in-educable', then it follows almost as the night the day that he or she will never read. Not perhaps in theory, but more often than not in pract...

The present paper aims for the most part to prove the fact that religious and spiritual places and above all, mosques play major roles within Islamic urban areas. They are in fact the basis of civil infrastructures. A historical analysis focusing on where mosques stand in Islamic urban areas reveals that mosques have always been the center of development and growth and that they must be studied...