Why do we need an order parameter at all? We need it to distinguish different bulk phases, or more precisely, to characterize distinct features of equilibrium properties of different bulk phases. Although scattering experiments tell us microscopic distinctions of various phases, it is important to recognize that different phases are distinguishable macroscopically through macroscopic quantities...

We present two rigorous results on the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick mean eld model for spin glasses, proven by elementary methods, based on properties of uctuations, with respect to the external quenched noise, of the thermodynamic variables and order parameters. The rst result gives the uniform convergence of the quenched average of the free energy in the thermodynamic limit to its annealed approxi...

The aim of the present study was to prepare new cluster (B6C4Si) as an antibiotic carrier. Density functional theory (DFT) method at the B3LYP level of theory in conjugate with the 6-311G** basis set was used to evaluate the interaction between B6C4Si cluster and Penicillin. Binding parameters, HOMO, LUMO and HOMO- LUMO GAP were calculated. Results show the ‍ B6C4Si HOMO–LUMO gap value of 0.13...

[1] High-resolution infrared radiance spectra obtained from near nadir observations provide atmospheric, surface, and cloud property information. A fast radiative transfer model, including cloud effects, is used for atmospheric profile and cloud parameter retrieval. The retrieval algorithm is presented along with its application to recent field experiment data from the NPOESS Airborne Sounder T...

Recent years have seen a tremendous progress in the microscopic theoretical treatment of surfaces and processes on surfaces. While some decades ago a phenomenological thermodynamic approach was dominant, a variety of surface properties can now be described from first principles, i.e. without invoking any empirical parameters. Consequently, the field of theoretical surface science is no longer l...

Fouling is an important performance degradation factor of axial flow compressor. Proper fouling sensitive parameter is crucial to more effectively monitor the fouling severity. Currently fouling level and cleaning necessity are judged by the decrease degree of thermodynamic performance parameter from macro point. But simulation research of NASA rotor 37 finds that tip clearance increase also ca...

BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................... 433 Statistical Thermodynamic Quantities ...................................................................... 433 Protoco& f Molecular Simulation ........................................................................... 435 The Free Energy Problem .........................

In this work, we investigate the classical loop models doped with monomers and dimers on a square lattice, whose partition function can be expressed as a tensor network (TN). In the thermodynamic limit, we use the boundary matrix product state technique to contract the partition function TN, and determine the thermodynamic properties with high accuracy. In this monomer-dimer-loop model, we find...