Free scalar fields in de Sitter space have a one-parameter family of states invariant under the de Sitter group, including the standard thermal vacuum. We show that, except for the thermal vacuum, these states are unphysical when gravitational interactions are included. We apply these observations to the quantum state of the inflaton, and find that at best, dramatic fine tuning is required for ...

This paper documents the manufacture and testing of a humidity sensor based on a combination of In2O3/SiO. A number of different sensor samples have been produced by thermal deposition and the effect of varying the vacuum pressure has also been investigated. The AC and DC conduction mechanisms have been investigated. From the AC conduction studies, the tunneling conduction mechanism has been ob...

effects of three pressure reduction rates (prr) of 103 pa s-1, 197 pa s-1, and 347 pa s-1 on temperature distribution and variation, moisture content, and sensory quality of steamed stuffed buns were investigated after vacuum cooling. the distributions and variations of surface temperatures were determined by the thermal infrared imaging method. the temperature profiles presented significant di...

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) provide effective thermal barrier to the components of gas turbine engines by allowing higher operating temperatures and reduced cool‐ ing requirements. Plasma spraying, electron-beam physical vapor deposition, and sol‐ ution precursor plasma spray techniques are generally used to apply the TBCs on the metallic substrates. The present article addresses the TBCs f...

Abstract NASA is the mission lead for James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), next of “Great Observatories,” scheduled launch in 2021. directly responsible integration and test (I&T) program that culminated an end-to-end cryo vacuum optical flight telescope instrument module Chamber A at Johnson Center. Historic largest thermal chamber Center one space simulation chambers world. has undergone a ...

We study the energy density and pressure of a relativistic thermal gas of massless fermions on four-dimensional Minkowski and anti-de Sitter space-times using relativistic kinetic theory. The corresponding quantum field theory quantities are given by components of the renormalized expectation value of the stress-energy tensor operator acting on a thermal state. On Minkowski space-time, the reno...

The NASA Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS) has been completed as an Engineering Demonstration Unit (EDU) and has recently finished thermal vacuum testing and calibration. The GIFTS EDU was designed to demonstrate new and emerging sensor and data processing technologies with the goal of making revolutionary improvements in meteorological observational capability and f...

A measurement apparatus is designed and fabricated to measure the effective thermal conductivity (keff) of a VIP (vacuum insulation panel) core specimen under various vacuum states and external loads. The apparatus consists of part for measuring keff, and parts for controlling external load and vacuum condition. Uncertainty of the apparatus is validated by measuring the standard reference mater...

To find feasible alternatives to the use of SF6 in medium voltage switchgear equipment, AREVA T&D and Tsinghua University has started a cooperation to investigate the feasibility of using vacuum. This paper focused on three main points of the design of the Vacuum Insulated Switchgear (VIS): the maintainability of vacuum system, the insulation performance, and the thermal behavior under operatin...

We study the vacuum stability in the anomaly mediated supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking models with massive neutrinos. It is shown that, because of the seesaw-induced mass terms for neutrinos, the true vacuum has a large negative cosmological constant provided that the vacuum where we now live has an (almost) vanishing cosmological constant. Although the quantum transition into the true vacuum from...