The transverse emittance from optimized rf photoinjectors is limited by the thermal emittance. The thermal emittance can be lowered by a factor >2 by using a semiconductor photocathode. Presented at the International Symposium on New Visions in Laser-Beam Interactions Tokyo, Japan October 11-15, 1999 * Work supported by Department of Energy contract DE-AC03-76SF00515. † Corresponding author ema...

this study focuses on achieving high stiffness/strength and good fr characteristic of nylon 66/mca/nc nanocomposites, prepared via melt compounding by twin screw extruder. a synergistic effect of flame retardant systems based on melamine cyanurate and zinc borate on the flammability and mechanical behaviours of crysnanoclay reinforced nylon 66 nanocomposites have been reported. mechanical test ...

This paper presents a PC-based thermal cycler with a local-host architecture, where a PC is employed as the host. The local system only executes the thermal cycling process and the PC is responsible for the management of PCR protocols with a convenient GUI. The presented local-host system greatly reduces the development time and the maintenance cost, providing an economical PCR thermal cycler.

Device Fabrication All devices were prepared on silicon-on-insulator (SOI; Soitec Inc.) wafers. The SOI wafers were pre-doped by thermally diffusing spin-on-dopant (Boron A; Filmtronics, Inc.) with rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 820C for 3 minutes. The resulting sheet resistance indicates a doping concentration of 2x10 cm, with the thickness of the silicon epilayer determined by atomic force...

Combined cooling, heat, and power (CCHP) units can be integrated with conventional separate cooling, heat, and power production units to meet demands. The goal of this study is to develop and examine a hybrid GA-heuristic optimization algorithm for solving the unit commitment problem for integrated CCHP-thermal-heat only system with considerations for electricity boiler. When environmental emis...

The high power dissipation density in today’s miniature electronic/mechanical systems makes on-chip thermal management crucial. In order to achieve quick-to-evaluate, yet accurate electro-thermal models, needed for the thermal management of microsystems, model order reduction is necessary. In this paper, we use Krylov-subspace methods for the order reduction of a electro-thermal MEMS model, ill...

low level lasers, cold or soft lasers: these lasers do not produce thermal effects on tissues and induce photoreactions in cellsthrough light stimulation which is called photobiostimulation. power of these lasers is usually under 250mw. the main point differentiating low level lasers and high power ones is the activation of photochemical reactions without heat formation. the most important fact...