Energy supply systems are usually considered as individual sub-systems with separate energy vectors. However, the use of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) units, heat pumps and electric boilers creates linkages between electricity and heat networks. Two combined analysis methods were developed to investigate the performance of electricity and heat networks as an integrated whole. These two methods ...

During hypothetical core melt accidents steam and hydrogen can be released into the air filled containment of pressurized water reactors (PWR). Without counter measures flammable mixtures may form and cause combustion loads that could threaten the integrity of the containment. German PWR’s are now equipped with passive catalytic recombiners so called PARs (passive autocatalytic recombiners). Th...

The water leak-off during hydraulic fracturing in shale gas reservoirs is a complicated transport behavior involving thermal (T), hydrodynamic (H), mechanical (M) and chemical (C) processes. Although many leak-off models have been published, none of the models fully coupled the transient fluid flow modeling with heat transfer, chemical-potential equilibrium and natural-fracture dilation phenome...