In previous work the distance travelled by UK football clubs, and their supporters, over the Christmas/New Year period was minimised. This is important as it is not only a holiday season but, often, there is bad weather at this time of the year. Whilst searching for good quality solutions for this problem, various constraints have to be respected. One of these relates to clashes, which measures...

Honeybees determine distance flown by gauging the extent to which the image of the environment moves in the eye as they fly towards their goal. Here we investigate how this visual odometer operates when a bee flies along paths that include a vertical component. By training bees to fly to a feeder along tunnels of various three-dimensional configurations, we find that the odometric signal depend...

The present account answers the question of whether desert ants (Cataglyphis fortis) gauge the distance they have travelled by using self-induced lateral optic-flow parameters, as has been described for bees. The ants were trained to run to a distant food source within a channel whose walls were covered with black-and-white gratings. From the food source, they were transferred to test channels ...

How do flying insects monitor foraging efficiency? Honeybees (Apis mellifera) use optic flow information as an odometer to estimate distance travelled, but here we tested whether optic flow informs estimation of foraging costs also. Bees were trained to feeders in flight tunnels such that bees experienced the greatest optic flow en route to the feeder closest to the hive. Analyses of dance comm...

OBJECTIVE To find out if the response time, distance travelled to scene, and geographical location affect survival from out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). METHODS Retrospective cohort study over 10 years, 1 December 1991 to 1 August 2001. Outcome and demographic data were obtained for 1956 OHCAs occurring at home, in the Lothians region, from the Heartstart Scotland database. Survival rat...

Objective: To find out if the response time, distance travelled to scene, and geographical location affect survival from out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods: Retrospective cohort study over 10 years, 1 December 1991 to 1 August 2001. Outcome and demographic data were obtained for 1956 OHCAs occurring at home, in the Lothians region, from the Heartstart Scotland database. Survival rat...

In this paper the ACO (Ant colony optimization) technique of Swarm Intelligence has been used to solve an interesting class of problem. This is an optimization technique which is used to solve max-min MDVRP. Unlike the traditional MDVRP which focuses on minimizing the distance travelled by the vehicle, this technique focuses on minimizing the maximum distance travelled by the vehicle. To achiev...

The availability of massive digital traces of human whereabouts has offered a series of novel insights on the quantitative patterns characterizing human mobility. In particular, numerous recent studies have lead to an unexpected consensus: the considerable variability in the characteristic travelled distance of individuals coexists with a high degree of predictability of their future locations....