ABSTRACT The Internet has transformed the nature of business-to-consumer transaction-making practices in many industries. Sellers now attract customers with innovative Internet-based selling mechanisms that can reveal or conceal market information. We define market transparency as the availability and accessibility of information about products and prices. Firms can influence market transparenc...

The linear absorption spectra of GaP, TiO2, ZnSe, and ZnS are measured in their transparency range using a twocolor, excite-probe Z-scan. ZnS has the lowest absorption coefficient ( 10 5 cm ) in the wavelength range 840–900 nm, making it an excellent material for use as a luminescence extracting lens in semiconductor laser cooling experiments. Direct observation of two-photon absorption in ZnSe...

User-controlled identity management systems assist individuals in managing their private sphere. An individual’s privacy can be supported by transparency on processing of personal data. After giving an overview on transparency properties as well as its relation to privacy and data protection regulation, this text introduces different transparency tools: Prior to an interaction, information on t...

in this paper, an exchange of letters between the philosopher jacques derrida and architect peter eisenman is used as a catalyst to discuss the material qualities of glass and its relationship with the concept of transparency in architecture. in his criticism of an architecture devoid of human qualities, derrida uses glass, defined through walter benjamin’s writings, as a hard and cold material...

The Asian financial crisis in the late 1990s not only highlighted the welfare consequences of transparency in the financial sector but also linked this relatively narrow problem to the broader context of transparency in governance. It has been observed that objections to transparency, often on flimsy pretexts, are common even in industrialized countries. This article argues that transparency is...

A variety of Transparency-Enhancing Technologies has been presented during the past years. However, investigation of frameworks for classification and assessment of TransparencyEnhancing Technologies has lacked behind. The lack of precise classification and categorization approaches poses an obstacle not only to systematic requirements analysis for Transparency-Enhancing Technologies but also t...

This paper extends the interest of public relations scholars in exploring the conditions for balanced communications between organizations and their stakeholders. To this end, we investigate the concept of transparency. More specifically, we challenge the strategic role and institutionalization of transparency in the context of contemporary corporate communications programs. By providing a subt...

information asymmetry in stock market can increase the risk of investment which in turn increases the capital cost of firms. bhattacharya (1979) proposed a hypothesis that states dividend can act as a powerful signal in order to solve information asymmetry problem. we measured information asymmetry by lack of earnings transparency. therefore we examine the effect of earnings transparency on cap...

Innovations in electronic banking in Iran have led to the development in capacities such as payment instruments and transactions by cards, which are known as electronic payment equipment in the Iranian banking network. Financial supervision is required to be increasingly based on reporting and regulatory processes to efficiently and proactively monitor risk and compliance at banks and financial...