[1] It is well established that Extremely Low Frequency (ELF, 0.3–3 kHz) and Very Low Frequency (VLF, 3–30 kHz) radio waves can be generated via modulated High Frequency (HF, 3–10 MHz) heating of the lower ionosphere (60–100 km). The ionospheric absorption of HF power modifies the conductivity of the lower ionosphere, which in the presence of natural currents such as the auroral electrojet, cre...

Here, we elucidate the immunological features of both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and vitreous lavage fluid (VLF) samples from patients with histopathologically verified sarcoidosis. In addition, we assess the safety of vitrectomy in sarcoidosis patients by investigating the occurrence of complications and the recovery of visual acuity.Twenty-two eyes of 22 patients with tissue-proven s...

two dimensional single frequency scalar vlf data modeling has been studied in this research. vlf method is one of the electromagnetic investigation methods. radio frequency waves are used for investigation of conductive deposits (paal, 1968). synthetic modeling and inversion of single frequency and multiple frequencies of vlf signals was done by oskooi (2004) for two dimensional simple structur...

[1] Extremely low frequency (ELF) and very low frequency (VLF) observations have formed the cornerstone of measurement and interpretation of effects of lightning discharges on the overlying upper atmospheric regions, as well as near‐Earth space. ELF (0.3–3 kHz) and VLF (3–30 kHz) wave energy released by lightning discharges is often the agent of modification of the lower ionospheric medium that...

ELF/VLF waves can be generated via amplitude modulated HF heating of the auroral electrojet, which turns a patch of ionospheric currents into a radiating antenna. A new, more powerful technique, termed `geometric modulation', involves scanning the HF beam in geometric patterns with no power modulation. Utilizing results obtained from the HAARP facility, we show that geometric modulation enhance...

The measurement of Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) is important in many different applications, i.e, environmental, archeological, geotechnical studies, etc. In recent years, improving and enhancing VLF-EM data containing complex numbers (bivariate) was presented by several authors in order to produce reliable models, generally using univariate empirical mode decomposition (EMD). Ap...

Spectral analysis of cardiovascular signals has been extensively used to investigate circulatory homeostatic mechanisms. However, the nature of very low-frequency (VLF) fluctuations remains unclear. Because we previously observed enhanced VLF fluctuations in blood pressure (BP) in the sympathectomized rat (a model characterized by markedly increased plasma epinephrine levels), the aims of our s...

We studied healthy males challenged with a 900 Cal test beverage and correlated EE with the raw (ms(2)) and normalized units (nu) of total power (TP), low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) and VLF spectral power of heart rate variability (HRV). The correlations were evaluated during 20 min of normal breathing (NB, control) and 20 min of paced breathing (PB) at 12 breaths·min(-1) (0.2 Hz). EE was...

We compared the contribution of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) to the generation and modulation of synaptic responses elicited in intracellularly recorded L5 motoneurons from neonatal rats by segmental and descending fibers. Dorsal root (DR) stimulation at high intensity (C-fiber strength) evoked long latency (2-5-s) depolarization in addition to early monosynaptic and polysynaptic r...