an experiment featuring waterhammer in viscoelastic pipes is presented in which the effects of pipe-wall viscoelasticity on waterhammer pressures are investigated. a large-scale pipeline apparatus made of polyvinyl chloride (pvc) at deltares, delft, the netherlands, has been used to carry out waterhammer experiments. tests have been conducted in a reservoir-pipeline-valve system consisting of a...

For economic evaluation of a highway development project, multiple criteria must be considered on a timeframe longer than the project implementation interval and a geographical area larger than the project zone. In this study, a framework is proposed based on the Network-Level Life Cycle Cost Analysis (NL-LCCA) to assess the effect of highway development projects on mobility, safety, economy, e...

during a faunistic study of the family carabidae in guilan province in summer 2011, beetle specimens were collected directly or by using pitfall traps and light traps. a species of ground beetles was identified and later confirmed by dr. r. felix (berkel enschot, the netherlands) as parophonus dia (reitter). this species is recorded from iran for the first time.

Background Previous studies have mostly focused on socio-demographic and health-related determinants of health-related behaviors. Although comprehensive health insurance coverage could discourage individual lifestyle improvement due to the ex-ante moral hazard problem, few studies have examined such effects. This study examines the association of a comprehensive set of factors including socio-d...

the radio magnetotelluric (rmt) method is one of the most widely used electromagnetic (em) methods which employs artificial time varying electric and magnetic fields at the surface of the earth for imaging conductivity. the radiomagnetotelluric method proposed by goldstein and strangway (1975) is based on measuring one set of horizontal electrical and perpendicular magnetic components. after th...