Abstract This article analyzes the efforts to build spaces for medical community in Brazil since transfer of Court from Lisbon Rio de Janeiro 1808, through country’s independence process, until creation Imperial Academy Medicine, 1835. Such initiatives affirm prominence medical-scientific knowledge face traditional healing practices, as well a hygienic agenda independent nation, strongly linked...

Comparing two public medical affairs which involved disciplinary proceedings and libel actions, one from Bavaria and one from Prussia, this article analyzes the dynamics behind legal conflicts over doctors' professional ethics in Imperial Germany. In both the case of Dr Maurice Hutzler, who committed suicide after conflicts with senior colleagues at the Gisela Children's Hospital and a sentence...

APLA Limited v Legal Services Commissioner (NSW)2 (‘APLA’), decided in September this year, had the potential to be a landmark decision in the field of implied constitutional freedoms comparable to Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth3 (‘ACTV’) and Nationwide News Pty Ltd v Wills4 (‘Nationwide News’). In the two latter cases the High Court concluded that the provision for a syst...

This paper explores the reconstruction of ordination platform in Huishan monastery on Mount Song 767 context reinforcement pro-Buddhist policies at court Emperor Daizong (r. 762–779). The vinaya monks and state officials who engaged this platform’s are identified as associates two prominent monastic figures: Amoghavajra (Bukong jin’gang; 704–774), an Esoteric leader imperial court; Songshan Puj...

Abstract This article explores the textual world and functionalities of sanqu songs in relation to court milieu. The imperial is not usually considered a natural habitat for genre, best known its portrayal “disengagement” “retirement” from official life, yet one cannot ignore presence substantial number that addressed engaged with various contexts occasions. I call this type “courtly songs,” wr...

The establishment of the Imperial University Peking was a major event in Hundred Days' Reformation and preserved conflict between reformers conservatives. Before fall Qing Dynasty, witnessed ancient empire's attempts to improve its backwardness. Against backdrop imperial reform, newly established university also experienced impact old new forces from court itself. country's talent training syst...

Crown imperial scattered according to soil structure and organic matter in Zagros regions in Ilam. This plant has been performed an important role in the beautification of environment, tourist attraction and providing of plant essential oils which are used for the production of medicines. The current research was carried out to evaluation spatial distribution pattern of Fritillaria imperialis i...