The probability that the commutator of two group elements is equal to a given element has been introduced in literature few years ago. Several authors have investigated this notion with methods of the representation theory and with combinatorial techniques. Here we illustrate that a wider context may be considered and show some structural restrictions on the group.

Commutativity of operations is the better way to provide a high degree of concurrency on shared data types. In this short paper, we present a technique to increase concurrency using operational transformations. This technique enforces commutativity even though the operations do not naturally commute. We report our experience on (i) automatically verifying the correctness of this transformation-...

For a given element $g$ of finite group $G$, the probablility that commutator randomly choosen pair elements in $G$ equals is relative commutativity degree $g$. In this paper we are interested studying Dihedral order $2n$ and Quaternion $2^{n}$ for any $n\geq 3$ examine infinite class Moufang Loops Chein type, $M(G,2)$.

the degree kirchhoff index of a connected graph $g$ is defined as‎ ‎the sum of the terms $d_i,d_j,r_{ij}$ over all pairs of vertices‎, ‎where $d_i$ is the‎ ‎degree of the $i$-th vertex‎, ‎and $r_{ij}$ the resistance distance between the $i$-th and‎ ‎$j$-th vertex of $g$‎. ‎bounds for the degree kirchhoff index of the line and para-line‎ ‎graphs are determined‎. ‎the special case of regular grap...

We introduce a family of hypergroups, called weakly complete, generalizing the construction complete hypergroups. Starting from given group G, our prescribes β-classes hypergroups and allows some hyperproducts not to be parts, based on suitably defined relation over G. The commutativity degree can related that underlying group. Furthermore, in analogy commutativity, we completeness finite analy...

Let P2(G) be defined as the probability that any two elements selected at random from the group G, commute with one another. If G is an Abelian group, P2(G) = 1, so our interest lies in the properties of the commutativity of nonAbelian groups. Particular results include that the maximum commutativity of a non-Abelian group is 5/8, and this degree of commutativity only occurs when the order of t...

This paper discusses several structural and fundamental properties of the $k^{th}$-order slant Toeplitz operators on Lebesgue space $n$- torus $\mathbb{T}^n$, for integers $k\geq 2$ $n\geq 1$. We obtain certain equivalent conditions commutativity essential these operators. In last section, we deal with spectrum a operator $L^2(\mathbb{T}^n)$ investigate such an to be isometry, hyponormal or nor...

In this work, we define the class preserving actor and commutativity degree of Lie crossed modules. Then, obtain some relations about these notions isoclinic