Housing growth has been widely shown to be negatively correlated with wildlife populations, avian richness, anadromous fish, and exotic invasion. Zoning is the most frequently used public policy to manage housing development and is often motivated by a desire to protect the environment. Zoning is also pervasive, taking place in all 50 states. One relevant question that has received little resea...

In the field of Optical Character Recognition (OCR), zoning is used to extract topological information from patterns. In this paper zoning is considered as the result of an optimisation problem and a new technique is presented for automatic zoning. More precisely, local analysis of feature distribution based on Shannon’s entropy estimation is performed to determine “core” zones of patterns. An ...

In this paper we present an alternative strategy to define zoning for handwriting recognition, which is based on nonsymmetrical perceptual zoning. The idea is to extract some knowledge from the confusion matrices in order to make the zoning process less empirical. The feature set considered in this work is based on concavities/convexities deficiencies, which are obtained by labeling the backgro...

BACKGROUND Improvements in the built environment and changes in land-use policy are promising approaches to increasing physical activity among a largely sedentary population. Opportunities for walking and cycling as part of daily life are important to increasing physical activity and improving health. Yet, local zoning codes and related land-use regulations have made it difficult to create vibr...

The concentration of yttrium in pelitic garnets as a function of metamorphic grade has been examined in relation to the distribution of xenotime (YPO4) in samples from New England and British Columbia. Samples with xenotime present only as inclusions in garnet generally possess high-Y cores and concentrations that drop off discontinuously along zoning shoulders of variable width to low-Y outboa...

ADA paratransit systems are dial-a-ride services providing public transportation to disabled customers. In large metropolitan areas, these services might adopt zoning strategies to simplify their management. The objective of this research is to provide a more in-depth evaluation and comparison between centralized and decentralized zoning strategies for the city of Houston, Texas, by developing ...

Using data mining techniques, this study attempts to explore how a proper layout zoning following class-based storage enhances order picking efficiency over randomized storage. Association web statistics and association rule mining examines the relative intensity levels among various product categories. These findings serve as the layout for zoning of the storage area of α company, a pharmaceut...

Large carnivores are some of the world’s most difficult species to conserve because of their large spatial requirements, low population density, and high potential for conflict with humans. However, large carnivores are valuable for ecological, cultural, and ethical reasons. Carnivore management can take a wide variety of forms, including translocation, sterilization, livestock compensation pro...

BACKGROUND Context and purpose of the study. To examine (1) associations between county-level zoning to support farmers' market placement and county-level farmers' market availability, rural/urban designation, percent African American residents, and percent of residents living below poverty and (2) individual-level associations between zoning to support farmers' markets; fruit and vegetable con...