The purpose of reading is comprehension. Comprehension means receiving and learning the information in text. In this process, a series complex operations are performed our minds. meanings words sentences read first found, meaning text reached by combining them. However, these processes not enough to understand depth. addition these, it necessary examine text, establish connection between them, ...

There are two thin lines that separate descriptions of text comprehension. The first is the line between what a text says (i.e., its explicit or literal meaning) and what is inferable from the text (i.e., its implicit meaning). The second thin line is one that separates two kinds of implicit meaning processes. On one side of this line is what text researchers refer to as inferences. Although th...

Data and central issue. It is by now a well-known fact that that the semantic processing of an utterance usually involves different sources of information which are used in parallel to arrive at a coherent interpretation of this utterance in the given context. Three principle sources must be distinguished: (i) the (linguistic) meaning of the lexical items; (ii) (non-linguistic) world and situat...

One of the most difficult parts of the natural language understanding process is forming a semantic interpretation of the text. A reader must often make multiple inferences to understand the motives of actors and to causally connect actions that are unrelated on the basis of surface semantics alone. The inference process is complicated by the fact that text is often ambiguous both lexically and...

PURPOSE Many children with communication disorders have reading comprehension difficulties, and in order to target interventions effectively it is important to identify which specific components of comprehension are especially challenging. The current study explored the relationship between text-inferencing skill, autistic symptomatology, and language phenotype. METHOD Typically developing ch...

The objective of the TACIT (Toward Annotating Commonsense Inferences in Text) project is to identify all or most of the commonsense inferences needed to understand a small collection of short narrative texts; to characterize those inferences in terms of features in different dimensions; and to characterize the commonsense knowledge that underlies those inferences. The primary purpose of this an...

The data of three experiments (Campion, in press) confirm that the readers of texts including conditional arguments process the conditional syntax as an asymmetric constraint which warrants the Modus Ponens, a logically valid inference. However, causal knowledge can raise doubt about that inference and warrant the validity of the reciprocal inference (Affirmation of the Consequent). Thus, accor...

Identifying textual inferences, where the meaning of one text follows from another, is a general underlying task within many natural language applications. Commonly, it is approached either by generative syntactic-based methods or by “lightweight” heuristic lexical models. We suggest a model which is confined to simple lexical information, but is formulated as a principled generative probabilis...

Theoretical models of text processing, such as the construction-integration framework, pose fundamental questions about causal inference making that are not easily addressed by behavioral studies. In particular, a common result is that causal relatedness has a different effect on text reading times than on memory for the text: Whereas reading times increase linearly as causal relatedness decrea...

A model of propositional-logic reasoning proposed by M. D. S. Braine, B. J. Reiser, and B. Rumain (1984) claims that inferences such as "p or q; not p/therefore q" are made spontaneously by readers at the moment both premises are available. This claim is inconsistent with some evidence in the text-processing literature that suggests that only those inferences necessary for textual coherence are...