the history of islam has abounded with different kinds of fetna (literary, sedition) and experienced the diverse seditious movements for many centuries. in nahjulbalagha, imam ali (pbuh) tried to shed light on the dark sides of fetna and its kinds. in the present paper, imam ali’s clear-cut description and the close illustration of fetna, its formation and consequences, and imam ali’s solutions...

the author trys to investigate and study principles, objectives and nature of islamic government foreign policy within imam ali's school of thoughts. the focus is that which one, peace or war is the basis of his thought on the external affairs of a state. since he believes that peace and war are product of innate disposition and the original human nature both of them, are governing princip...

one of the thinkers¨ demands for governments is to take due care of the social rights of citizens thus far. no doubt, imam `ali (a.s.), as a muslim ruler, concentrated on maintaining man¨s rights both in theory and in practice. this article refers to the relationship between the right and the duty from imam ali¨s viewpoint, studies the foundations of man¨s rights and duties and discusses imam a...

quran is a book of guidance and one can achieve guidance with reference to it. but as qur'an is mostly concerned with generalities and details is left to the prophet (pbuh), to understanding quran it is essential to refer to the hadith of the prophet. but because of unlimited depth of qur'an, the prophet (pbuh) could not explain all the hidden meanings of its verses, so he saw it nece...

quranic knowledge and injunctions can be explained and understood in three levels, and its full grasp will not be possible without considering the prophet¨s interpretation of the qur'an. it is necessary for an interpreter of the qur'an to have access to the prophet¨s interpretation. that is why imam ali, the rightful successor of the prophet, is regarded as the second interpreter or, ...

no doubt nahj al-balaghah is one of the greatest religious books after holy quran and its content including sermons, letters, and philosophies serve as a bright light that guides humans and they find path to growth and guidance with its light beam. this place is because nahj al-balaghah was inspired by contents of quran and the prophet’s tradition. imam ali reflects rhetoric and eloquence in hi...

the selection of efficient and creative personnels contributes to a justifiable and acceptable potentiality of organizations, for efficiency of an organization is connected with the speciality and the commitment of its active personnels. since efficiency is more than merely increasing profit and production, some other value, moral, legal categories are of significance in selecting personnels. g...