BACKGROUND Immunosuppressive drugs have been used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) for a long time. Today, orally available second generation immunosuppressive agents have been approved or are filed for licensing as MS therapeutics. Due to semi-selective targeting of cellular processes, these second-generation immunosuppressive compounds might rather be immunomodulatory. For example,...

OBJECTIVE To study the immunomodulatory effect of teriflunomide on innate and adaptive immune cell populations through a pilot, open-label, observational study in a cohort of patients with relapsing-remitting MS. METHODS Blood lymphocytes were isolated from 10 patients with MS before and after 3 or 12 months of treatment. Adaptive and innate immune cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry...

Key objectives in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) include prevention of relapses, a reduction in the accumulation of disability and slowing of the brain volume loss that occurs from the earliest stages of the disease. Teriflunomide, a once-daily, oral immunomodulatory therapy, has demonstrated efficacy across multiple measures of disease activity and worsening in patients with relapsin...

INTRODUCTION No head-to-head trials have compared the efficacy of the oral therapies, fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate and teriflunomide, in multiple sclerosis. Statistical modeling approaches, which control for differences in patient characteristics, can improve indirect comparisons of the efficacy of these therapies. METHODS No evidence of disease activity (NEDA) was evaluated as the proportio...

INTRODUCTION Teriflunomide, indicated for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, is contraindicated in pregnancy based on signs of developmental toxicity in the offspring of rats and rabbits; developmental toxicity has also been observed in preclinical studies of other disease-modifying therapies. Despite the requirement to use reliable contraception in clinical trials evaluat...

AIM Leflunomide, via its active metabolite teriflunomide, is used in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment, yet approximately 20 to 40% of patients cease due to toxicity. The aim was to develop a time-to-event model describing leflunomide cessation due to toxicity within a clinical cohort and to investigate potential predictors of cessation such as total and free teriflunomide exposure and pharma...

Teriflunomide, a once-daily oral immunomodulator approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, demonstrated efficacy on clinical and magnetic resonance imaging measures of disease activity and a consistent and manageable safety profile in clinical trials.1–5 Teriflunomide is contraindicated in pregnancy because data from animal studies (observed in rats and rabbits) sugg...

OBJECTIVE To predict long-term disability outcomes in TEMSO core (NCT00134563) and extension (NCT00803049) studies in patients with relapsing forms of MS treated with teriflunomide. METHODS A post hoc analysis was conducted in a subgroup of patients who received teriflunomide in the core study, had MRI and clinical relapse assessments at months 12 (n = 552) and 18, and entered the extension. ...

BACKGROUND Pathology of gray matter is associated with development of physical and cognitive disability in patients with multiple sclerosis. In particular, glutamatergic dysregulation in the cortex-basal ganglia-thalamus (CxBGTh) circuit could be associated with decline in these behaviors. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of an immunomodulatory therapy (teriflunomide, Aubagio®) on changes...