The effect of the teratogen 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole on glycogenesis and glycogenolysis was investigated in the fetal and neonatal rat liver. At day 15, 16, or 17 of gestation (sperm day = day 0) pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received a single IP injection of an aqueous solution of aminothiadiazole. Dosages used were teratogenic (100 mg/kg maternal body weight) and nonteratogenic (10 mg/kg). At...

The development of effective methods for prevention of embryo disorders and congenital defects appears to be one of the cardinal tasks of modern medicine. The development of man and the health of future generations depends upon a successful solution to this complex problem. The etiology of congenital defects in humans is multifactored since they occur as a result of the injurious effect of envi...

The discovery of neonicotinoids as important novel insecticides represents a milestone in insecticide research over the past three decades. The neonicotinoids represent the fastest-growing class of insecticides. Imidacloprid is one of the major representatives of the new generation of neonicotinoid insecticides derived from nicotine isolated from the tobacco plant. Worldwide, it is considered t...

Environmental teratogenic factors (e.g. alcohol) are preventable. We focus our analysis on human teratogenic drugs which are not used frequently during pregnancy. The previous human teratogenic studies had serious methodological problems, e.g. the first trimester concept is outdated because environmental teratogens cannot induce congenital abnormalities in the first month of gestation. In addit...

Previous studies in our laboratory showed a synergistic interaction of synthetic ligands selective for the retinoid receptors RAR and RXR in regard to teratogenic effects produced in mice (M. M. Elmazar et al., 2001, TOXICOL: Appl. Pharmacol. 170, 2-9). In the present study the influence of phytol and phytanic acid (a RXR-selective ligand) on the teratogenicity of retinol and the RAR-selective ...

Medications, alcohol and smoking can cause fetal damage. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 326 mothers of the Fortaleza General Hospital to evaluate the use of drugs, alcohol and smoking during pregnancy and its relation to teratogenic potential in different population characteristics, between 2006 and 2007. Postpartum women who had their babies in the research site were included and t...