It was possible to perfuse the interior of the giant axon of Loligo pealii or forbesi, [C. S. Spyropoulos, I. Tasaki and T. Teorell, National Institutes of Health Annual Report, NINDB, 1959; Baker, P. F., A. L. Hodgkin and T. D. Shaw, Preprint of Proc. Physiol. SOC. (1961); also cited in preprint, Baker, P. F. and T. D. Shaw (1961), Plymouth Marine Biological Laboratory report for 1960-1961 (in...

A difference in salt concentration in two solutions separated by a membrane leads to an electrical potential difference across the membrane, also without applied current. A literature study is presented on proposed theories for the origin of this membrane potential (ϕm). The most well-known theoretical description is Teorell-Meyer-Sievers (TMS) theory, which we analyze and extend. Experimental ...

The mechanical stability is an important phenomenon which governs many applications based properties of membranes. The inorganic materials of membrane may have been synthesized by qualitative the novel sol-gel or co-precipitation methods of material synthesis. The mMembranes of cobalt (CP) and nickel (NP) composites have been was designed by mixing of the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with cobalt ph...

The Mechanism of Enzyme Actions: DR. K. GEORGE FALK .................................. 471 Obituary: Michael Idvorsky Pupin: PROFESSOR A. P. WILLS 475 Scientific Events: Annual Meeting of the Trustees of Science Service; Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; Betirement of the Secretary of the Zoological Society of London; Award of the Daniel Guggenheim Medal for Aeronauti...

From studies on the isolated gastric mucosae of amphibia and of the stomach in the intact mammal, there has emerged a simple description of the secretion of acid. There are two primary active transport systems, one for chloride and the other for the hydrogen ion. Chloride is transported somewhat more rapidly than the hydrogen ion. The difference between these two rates is substantially independ...

Democracy as an overall model for how societies should be governed has been a remarkable success over the last forty years. More countries than ever are now considered to be democratic or at least on their way to becoming democracies (Diamond 2007, Teorell 2010). Various international organizations that have democracy promotion on their agenda should nowadays be very content since there are cer...

In several recent publications 1-6 we have shown experimentally that the acidic groups present in collodion are the primary cause of its electrochemical activity in solutions of strong inorganic electrolytes. The surface concentration of these acidic dissociable groups is assumed to determine the degree of electrochemical activity of any given collodion sample. The abundance of these groups var...

INTRODUCTION Impetus for the Workshop A 2-day workshop on "Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetics (PBPK) in Drug Development and Regulatory Science" came to a successful conclusion on May 30, 2002, in Washington, DC. More than 120 international participants from the environmental and predominantly pharmaceutical industries, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and universities attended this work...

This paper seeks to more clearly define and measure the phenomenon of eparticipation, focusing specifically on the question of whether it is simply an extension of existing forms, differing only in mode, or whether it offers a new and qualitatively different form of political engagement. The analysis is timely since despite over a decades‟ worth of research being conducted into the topic of epa...

This paper assesses collective voting as a specific mode of democratic decision-making and compares it to secret voting. Under voting, voters gather in one place decide by the show hands. We theorise two potential advantages disadvantages so defined. then draw on original survey data from largest polities practising citizen assembly Swiss canton Glarus. find that both promises pitfalls non-secr...