background: in recent times, the decreasing groundwater reserves due to over-consumption of water resources and the unprecedented reduction of precipitation, during the past 1 decades, have resulted in a change in the volume and quality of water with time. the aim of this study was to determine the spatial and temporal variations of hardness and total dissolved solids in drinking water resource...

the environmental and ecological issues in the flow-reduced river reach are very serious and arereceiving increasingly attention. in this study, we investigate the temporal and spatial changes in δ13c and δ15n of periphyton and isotopic relationship between periphyton and the endangered fish (ayu, plecoglossusaltivelis) in a flow-reduced river reach in japan. much of the spatial and temporal va...

prediction of spatial and temporal variation of water quality is vital for managing pollutantsdisposal into the rivers. depletion of dissolved oxygen (do) takes place due to the consumption of oxygen bymicrobes to digest bio-degradable pollutants which enter a water course. reaeration takes place in a specificrate depending on do deficit. many investigators have formulated models as an alternat...

The strength and direction of natural selection on floral traits can vary spatially and temporally because of variation in the biotic and abiotic environment. High spatial variation in selection should lead to differentiation of floral traits among populations. In contrast, high temporal variation in selection should retard the evolution of population-specific floral phenotypes. To determine th...