In this paper, we describe a protocol stack to enable communication between biological nano scale (bio-nano) devices. We identify key design considerations and protocol components and suggest suitable molecular computing mechanisms to create these components. Finally, we introduce a modeling and simulation framework for bio-nano communication networks.

The purpose of this study is to help bio-tech firms solve the foreign investment (FI) entry mode selection problem. This study combines the concepts of factor analysis, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), genetic algorithm (GA), and fuzzy integral to construct an entry mode selection approach. This study produces several interesting findings. (1) In the different investment entry modes, there are...

Nanotechnology (nano-materials and nano-process) has been developed for both industrial and medical applications. The use of nano-medicine has been used in bio-imaging and bio-sensing, drug delivery, cancer cell diagnostics and therapeutics [1,2]. Nanoparticles (NPs) can cause tumor cell death by photothermal ablation, photodynamic toxicity, mechanical damage, or increase in the localized drug ...

bioelectronics has attracted increasing interest in recent years because of their applications in various disciplines, such as biomedical. development of efficient bio-nano hybrid materials is a new move towards revolution of nano-bioelectronics. a novel nano-bio hybrid electrode based on zno–protein for bioelectronics applications was prepared and characterized. the electrode was made by coval...