Tax reform has been an integral part of the economic reforms of most countries that have undertaken structural adjustment programmes. Even in the developed countries, tax reforms have been a prominent feature during the 1980s. One of the important reasons impelling governments of the developing countries embarking on economic reform programmes to undertake tax reform has been the need to cut th...

The introduction of a ‡at tax is supposed to have several advantages. Administration and compliance costs are reduced, as well as incentives for tax evasion. Furthermore, positive employment and growth e¤ects are expected. Despite these advantages, a ‡at rate tax is not very popular in most Western European countries. The most important objection against a ‡at tax states that a ‡at rate tax wou...

The dual income tax combines a progressive tax on labor income and a lower flat rate tax on income from capital. Denmark, Finland, $orway, and Sweden adopted dual income taxes to address a set of tax challenges that arose in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Although developing countries face much different economic, political, and tax environments from the $ordic countries, the dual income tax m...

This paper analyses distributional effects of revenue-neutral tax reforms aimed at improving dietary quality and encouraging healthier grain consumption. Using data on household grain purchases, we analyse both the impact on dietary quality and the tax incidence among income groups of VAT reforms and excise duty reforms. The VAT reforms include subsidies of healthy products (products labelled w...

Four tax reforms have been proposed in recent years: BradleyGephardt, Kemp-Kasten, Treasury I and Treasury II. These reforms seek to improve economic efficiency by taxing different capital assets and sources of income more equally. Each reform is purported to be revenueneutral from the perspective of the U.S. Treasury ,and distributionally neutral across households. While this alleged neutralit...

European governments aim to raise labour supply, cut unemployment rates and, at the same time, maintain social cohesion. Yet, economists have always stressed the trade-off between these objectives. This paper explores whether the frontier of the equity-efficiency trade-off can be shifted outwards in the Netherlands by using an applied general equilibrium model. In particular, we consider variou...

The Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) Program has long been criticized by economists for its apparent work disincentives stemming from the imposition of 100 percent tax rates on earnings. However, the program has been modified in recent years to allow recipients to keep some of their earnings for fixed periods of time. Moreover, additional proposals have been made for lowering the tax...

i n the past decades, the effect of different tax amendments on various economic issues has been studied. the majority of these studies have avoided considering shadow economy as part of the calculation and analysis, and an issue, which has received little attention, is the relationship between green tax reforms and shadow economy, as for informal labor, which is well-connected to unemployment ...