This paper proposes a real options model for evaluating the biomass power generation investment in China. The uncertainties in the market price of electricity, CO2 price and straw price are considered. Meanwhile the dynamic relationship between installed capacity and fuel cost, as well as the long-term reduction of subsidy are described. Two scenarios, i.e., with the carbon emission trading sch...

BACKGROUND The disparity between government health expenditures across regions is more severe in developing countries than it is in developed countries. The capitation subsidy method has been proven effective in developed countries in reducing this disparity, but it has not been tested in China, the world's largest developing country. METHODS The convergence method of neoclassical economics w...

Background: Out of the MYR 14 billion fuel subsidy, top 20% households (T20) in country enjoy 8 compared to 6 subsidy restructure enjoyed by low income (B40) households. As Malaysian government has started scheme December 2022 when national economy began recover post coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, this study is need as it highlights key concerns B40 and middle...

O ver the past few years Malawi made remarkable progress toward increasing its national maize production and achieving food security owing to its long-running policy of subsidizing fertilizer. The implementation of these subsidy programs is continuously being improved upon as the country learns from past experiences. Recent evaluations of the current Farm Input Subsidy Program by Dorward and Ch...

BACKGROUND In Sub-Saharan Africa, maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality rates are associated with underutilization of skilled birth attendance (SBA). In 2007, Burkina Faso introduced a subsidy scheme for SBA fees. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Burkina Faso's subsidy policy on SBA rate across socioeconomic status (SES) strata. METHODS We used a quasi-experim...

We consider price competition models for oligopolistic markets, in which a significant part of the product or service price is paid by a third party, as a subsidy. The consumer is, therefore, impacted by the net price, defined as the difference between the nominal price and the subsidy, while the firms earn the full nominal price, partially paid by the subsidizing third party and the remainder ...