In a previous experiment [Eur J Neurosci 12 (2000) 79], combined intracerebroventricular injections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT; 150 microg) and 192 IgG-saporin (2 microg) in female rats produced working memory impairments, which neither single lesion induced. In the present experiment, we report on an identical approach in male rats. Behavioral variables were locomotor activity, T-maze...

A major advantage of sheep models in experimental studies of neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., with prenatal neurotoxicant exposure) is that the equivalent of all three trimesters of human brain development occurs in sheep entirely in utero. However, studies of learning and memory in sheep are limited. The goal of this study was to extend the analysis of spatial learning and memory in adolesc...

Immunosuppression is a characteristic feature of Toxoplasma gondii-infected murine hosts. The present study aimed to determine the effect of the immunosuppression induced by T. gondii infection on the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Tg2576 AD mice. Mice were infected with a cyst-forming strain (ME49) of T. gondii, and levels of inflammatory mediators (IFN-γ and nitri...

Several maze shapes are used to test spatial navigation performance and behavioral phenotypes. Traditionally, each experiment requires a unique shape, thus requiring several separate mazes in different configurations. The geometry cannot be reconfigured single environment accommodate scalability reproducibility. reconfigurable is approach address the limitations, allowing quick flexible configu...

introduction: origanum vulgare a rich source of natural phenolic antioxidants and has potential to be a source nutritional ingredients for functional food. herbs such as origanum have long been used in food preservation d in traditional medicine in the treatment of common ailments and have potential for positive modulation oxidation-linked diseases such as diabetes. here we investigated the eff...

The escape response to electrical or chemical stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (DPAG) has been associated with panic attacks. In order to explore the validity of the DPAG stimulation model for the study of panic disorder, we determined if the aversive consequences of the electrical or chemical stimulation of this midbrain area can be detected subsequently in the elevated T-m...

The striatum plays an important role in “habitual” learning and memory, and has been hypothesized to implement a reinforcement-learning algorithm in order to select actions to perform given the current sensory input. Many experimental approaches to striatal activity have made use of temporally structured tasks, which imply that the striatal representation is temporal. To test this assumption, w...

T he petroleum ether (60-80°C) ex tract of OcilllulIl sanCIUln root was tested fo r pentobarbitone induced hypnosis in mice. The root extract or vehicle was admi nistered (i.p. ) and after 30 minutes pentobarbito ne sodium (35 mg/kg) was admini stered. The explo ratory behavi our like Water Maze Test was studi ed by imparting training to mice ill a rec tangular tank ha ving holes to escape, fil...

Traditionally, the maze solving robots employ ultrasonic sensors to detect walls around robot. The robot is able transverse along omnidirectionally measured depth. However, this approach only perceives presence of objects without recognizing type these objects. Therefore, computer vision has become more popular for classification purpose in applications. In study, a equipped with camera recogni...