the opportunistic mould aspergillus is a ubiquitous fungus. diseases caused by aspergillus species are most commonly caused by aspergillus fumigatus. the spectrum of disease caused by aspergillus is dependent on the health of the immune system. the ranges of illnesses individuals acquire are aspergilloma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, invasive aspergillosis, sinusitis, otomycosis, oc...

Urinary tract infections are one of the most common infectious diseases that lead to significant health problems in the world. Urinary tract infections are referred to any infection in any part of the renal system. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella are main organisms that are involved in these infections. After identifying same protective and conserved virulence ...

Background: In the past decade, childlessness has become a most important problem in the world. At the same time evidence confirms a link between sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and infertility problem. Some of viral STDs are: HIV, HPV, HSVand so on. The innate immune system is essential for the initial detection of invading viruses and subsequent activation of adaptive immunity. also, The...

foreign bodies in lower urinary tract may present in a different number of ways. we report four cases of such unusual presentation. physical examination and plain radiograph was sufficient enough to confirm our diagnosis in all cases. the cases belonged to different age groups and three out of four cases were managed by open surgical approach. one foreign body was removed using cystoscope. prom...

Real-time magnetic resonance imaging (rtMRI) provides information about the dynamic shaping of the vocal tract during speech production.1 We develop a dynamical system in the framework of Task Dynamics2 which controls vocal tract constrictions and induces deformation of the air-tissue boundary. The system parameterizes the air-tissue boundary through factor analysis of rtMRI videos and characte...

conclusions candida albicans was the major pathogen associated with candidiasis of the female genital tract in patients in chongqing. the results of the antifungal sensitivity of the isolates suggest that it is important for clinicians to administer appropriate antifungals for the treatment of candida spp. infections. background vulvovaginal candidiasis is defined as vulvovaginitis associated w...

genitourinary tuberculosis (gutb) is difficult to diagnose in the earlier stage owing to the non-specific symptoms. usually, renal tuberculous involvement is unilateral and the imaging finding is renal calcification, but associated calcifications of bilateral ureter and bladder are rare. we report a 66-year-old man who presented with diffuse calcification of the urinary system (including bilate...