The 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD(5)) remains a key indicator for proof of compliance with environmental regulators in the monitoring and management of winery effluent. Inter-conversion factors from alternative tests that are more rapid, accurate and simpler to perform have been determined that allow prediction of BOD(5) in winery wastewaters, generally, and at different stages of product...

The conventional Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) method takes five days to analyze samples. A microbial fuel cell (MFC) may be an alternate tool for rapid BOD determination in water. However, a MFC biosensor for continuous BOD measurements of water samples is still unavailable. In this study, a MFC biosensor inoculated with known mixed cultures was used to determine the BOD concentration. Effec...

BACKGROUND Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect secundum (ASD-II) has become an alternative method for surgery. We sought to compare the two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) method for measuring atrial septal defect with balloon occlusive diameter (BOD) in transcatheter ASD-II closure. METHODS A total of 39 patients (71.1% female, mean age: 35.31 ± 15.37 years) who ...

BOD (Biochemical oxygen demand) is the pollution index of any water sample. One of the main factors influencing the estimation of BOD is the nature of microorganisms used as seeding material. In order to meet the variation in wastewater characteristics, one has to be specific in choosing the biological component that is the seeding material. The present study deals with the estimation of BOD of...

We proposed a new method to determine the rate constant of biochemical oxidation of soil organic ma�ers that makes it possible to evaluate their stability by Spectroquant Merck BOD photometric tests; if smaller samplings are used and individual determinations are performed, it can replace the method of BOD vacuum measuring by an Oxi Top Control Merck system. The time and labour consumption of t...

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) exertion patterns in anaerobically treated farm dairy wastewater were investigated on a laboratory scale. Oxygen uptake was typically characterised by a period of rapid oxygen exertion, a transitional "shoulder" phase and a period of slower activity. A multi-species model, involving rapidly degradable and slowly degradable material, was developed, leading to a do...

The present study illustrates the efficiency of microalgae based treatment system. Treatment of wastewater with Microalgae based system have the ability to remove nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and other nutrients), heavy metals, toxic substances (both organic and inorganic), BOD, COD and other impurities present in the wastewater by using the sunlight, CO2, and impurities like nutrients prese...

The disposal of domestic wastewater without any treatment into the drainage systems is considered a source of pollution threatening the population. Industrial waste water discharge to the environment is one of the environmental problems which must be controlled. Current mainstream technologies for treatment of domestic wastewater such as activated sludge and tertiary nutrient removal are too co...

More than 40% of the homes in Georgia use onsite systems to manage household wastewater. Because of water quality concerns as the number on onsite systems increases, advanced wastewater treatment components to reduce biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), and nutrients are more commonly used.. The objective of this study was to evaluate passive, low-maintenance onsite sys...

In the introduction of his paper, Goodman observes that the DOP model ".. can be summarized as a special kind of Stochastic Tree Substitution Grammar (STSG): given a bracketed, labeled training corpus, let every subtree of that corpus be an elementary tree, with a probability proportional to the number of occurrences of that subtree in the training corpus." Goodman then neglects to add that acc...