Salinization is the accumulation of water-soluble salts in the soil solum or regolith to a level that impacts on agricultural production, environmental health, and economic welfare. Salt-affected soils occur in more than 100 countries of the world with a variety of extents, nature, and properties. No climatic zone in the world is free from salinization, although the general perception is focuse...

Odor detection in vertebrates occurs when odorants enter the nose and bind to molecular olfactory receptors on the cilia or microvilli of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). Several vertebrate groups possess multiple, morphologically distinct types of ORNs. In teleost fishes, these different ORN types detect specific classes of biologically relevant odorants, such as amino acids, nucleotides and...

IN a previous paper [Clifford, 1925] the effects of the halogen salts of sodium, potassium, ammonium, and calcium on salivary digestion were described. These salts were found to vary in their action on ptyalin, some delaying digestion, others being inert, and some increasing the speed of reaching the achromic point. It was thought advisable to continue the investigation with other enzymes, and ...

A straightforward synthesis of substituted 1,2-dihydroquinazolinium triflates (3) is reported by reaction of 2-imino-substituted anilines with a range of carbonyl compounds in the presence of triflic acid via intermediate iminium salts. Similar reactions with di- or trialdehydes and triflic acid give bis- or tris-(1,2-dihydroquinazolinium) salts. Some 4-methyl substituted 1,2-dihydroquinazolini...

metal ions are the main impurities of water and media ingredients used in fermentation processes. in this research, the effect of ca+2, co+2, cu+2, fe+2, mg+2, mn+2 and zn+2 as chloride and sulfate salts was studied on the clavulanic acid production and streptomyces clavuligerus growth. all chloride salts had negative effect on clavulanic acid production and no clavulanic acid was produced in t...

Three perchlorate salts of pyridine have been prepared and characterized by gravimetric and elemental analyses. Thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) have been carried out in static air, to examine the thermal decomposition process of these salts. Isothermal TG of these salts have been done to evaluate the kinetics of thermal decomposition in the temperature range 290-41...

I was delving into some reference material recently, trying to track down details of early treatment of mild head injury, and I was struck by the repeated mention of smelling salts as a folk remedy for this problem. But just what are smelling salts? Do they work and can they cause injury? Although smelling salts have recently undergone a resurgence of interest by athletes as a pre-game stimulan...

Metal ions are the main impurities of water and media ingredients used in fermentation processes. In this research, the effect of Ca+2, Co+2, Cu+2, Fe+2, Mg+2, Mn+2 and Zn+2 as chloride and sulfate salts was studied on the clavulanic acid production and Streptomyces clavuligerus growth. All chloride salts had negative effect on clavulanic acid production and no clavulanic acid was produced in t...

In our continuing investigation of polycationic salts for purposes of antimicrobial action, ion-channel blocking, and construction of ionic liquids, we have prepared several series of polycationic salts derived from carbohydrate precursors. These salts are currently being investigated for optimal efficacy as antibacterials and antifungals, as well as for other applications. The syntheses of suc...

Sorbitol-bile salts broth was modified by the addition of 0.5% peptone for the enrichment of Yersinia enterocolitica in nonfood samples. A quantitative comparison was made of the growth of Y. enterocolitica in sorbitol-bile salts broth and peptone-sorbitol-bile salts broth at 22 degrees C. Incubation for 48 h resulted in an average 7.79 log10 increase in a viable cell number for six serotypes w...