Directive speech acts and ritualized politeness in medieval Spanish The goal of this paper is to examine the relationship between directive Spanish. analysis, which eminently descriptive, based on fictional literature from the13th 14th centuries, although there are also examples taken historical corpora. focus first falls pragmatic space with regards their formal properties, contextual cues int...

Politeness issues in virtual commercial contexts received rare attention from both practitioners and researchers. This work developed an instrument for gauging degree of politeness in online retailers’ storefronts. The instrument’s reliability and validity were confirmed through empirical data analysis. A second-order confirmatory factor analysis revealed that online consumers' tendency in payi...

This conceptual paper suggests how Politeness Theory [6] – well known in anthropological and linguistic literatures – can contribute to the study of role relations in computer-mediated communication. Politeness, phrasing things so as to show respect and esteem for the face of others, occurs throughout social interchange. The paper reviews politeness theory and enumerates specific linguistic ind...

Students rated 16 tutorial statements on negative politeness (i.e., how much the tutor ‘‘allows me freedom to make my own decisions’’) and positive politeness (i.e., how much the tutor was ‘‘working with me’’). Consistent with an adaptation of Brown and Levinson’s [1987. Politeness: Some Universals in Language Use. Cambridge University Press, New York] politeness theory, (a) students rated dire...

the present study aims to examine the analysis of persian adjective phrases (aps) within role and reference grammar (rrg) and to appraise the merits and demerits thereof. in rrg, there is no independent ap; therefore, predicative adjectives are considered as predicate inside nucleus of the clause and attributive adjectives are regarded as modifiers within the periphery of nucleusn. each type of...

A number of researchers have recently argued that politeness is not always inferred in the form of an implicature as claimed by Brown and Levinson (1987), but rather can be anticipated by addressees when it involves expected behaviour. The distinction between anticipated and inferred politeness is thus an important area for further development of politeness theory. In this paper, the way in whi...

The isiZulu verb is known for its morphological complexity, which is a subject for on-going linguistics research, as well as for prospects of computational use, such as controlled natural language interfaces, machine translation, and spellcheckers. To this end, we seek to answer the question as to what the precise grammar rules for the isiZulu complex verb are (and, by extension, the Bantu verb...

This paper analyzes the mechanisms of syntactic and semantic change involved in development degree modifier algo “a bit, a little” Spanish from an indefinite pronoun with inanimate reference meaning “something”. Specifically, it focuses on distribution Medieval Classical periods its interpretation partitive pseudo-partitive constructions. I argue for combination structural pragmatic factors cre...

The present research is aimed at investigating how the politeness of the speakers of Urdu is influenced by their relative social status in society. The researcher took politeness theory of Brown and Levinson (1978, 1987) as a model. To observe politeness of Urdu speakers, speech act of apology with different strategies was selected. A Discourse Completion Task (DCT) was used as an instrument to...

A large variety of gestural interaction techniques is now available. In this article, we use a new taxonomic space [18] as a comparative structure to analyze the applicability of these techniques on automotive environment. The taxonomy plots a gestural interaction technique as a point in a space where the vertical axis denotes the semantic coverage of the technique, and the horizontal axis expr...