This contribution evaluates an approach using an extended Kalman filter (EKF) to estimate the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) from lidar measurements obtained in the framework of the European Aerosol Research LIdar NETwork (EARLINET) at 12 UTC ± 30-min for a 7-year period (2007-2013) under different synoptic flows over the complex geographical area of Barcelona, Spain. PBLH diagnosed wit...

The relationship between land use and stream chemistry is often explored through synoptic sampling of rivers at baseflow conditions. However, baseflow chemistry is likely to vary temporally and spatially with land use. The purpose of our study is to examine the usefulness of the synoptic sampling approach for identifying the relationship between complex land use configurations and stream water ...

3 Technical Approach 3 3.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.2 Ocean Science Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.2.1 Scientific Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.2.2 Scientific Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.3 Metric...

This study examines ozone (O3) predictions from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 4.5 and discusses potential factors influencing the model results. Daily maximum 8-h average O3 levels are largely underpredicted when observed O3 levels are above 85 ppb and overpredicted when they are below 35 ppb. Using a clustering approach, model performance was examined separately for...

Anahtar Kelimeler Kömür atığı, Susuzlandırma, Tikiner, Flokülant, Çöktürme Özet: Bu çalışmada, Dereköy Lavvar Tesisi (Soma, Manisa) tikiner girişinden alınan numune üzerinde anyonik (Akkim Akua 5220, Brentag Brentamer A 2030, Brentag Brentamer A 2530, Bifloc An 254, Minefloc Lot X 4119, 3F Sedifloc 750 AHM), katyonik (Snf 5980 Sl ve 3f Sedifloc 408 C) ve noniyonik (Snf Fa 920) flokülantlar kull...

We propose a new approach for analyzing multi-scale properties of the atmospheric flow that employs the recently introduced isentropic streamfunction and relies on its scale decomposition with Haar wavelets. We applied this method to a cloud resolving simulation of a planetary Walker Cell characterized by pronounced multi-scale flow. The resulting set of isentropic streamfunctions – obtained at...

A novel optimization technique is introduced and demonstrated. Leapfrogging starts with a randomly located set of trial solutions (termed players) within the feasible decision variable (DV) space. At each iteration, the player with the worst objective function (OF) value is relocated to a random position within its DV-space reflection on the other side of the player with the best OF value. Test...

The objective of this study is to introduce a new procedure to determine the impact of climate on human mortality with the use of a synoptic climatological approach. The holistic nature of synoptic categories allows for the simultaneous evaluation of numerous weather elements as they realistically appear within air masses. In addition, this approach allows for a better distinction between pollu...

Extending an earlier simultaneous comparison of the three Synoptic Gospels to determine the probability of literary interdependence among them, this study continues the investigation by looking at the Gospels two a t a time to evaluate the same probability. The use of OT citations by these Gospels furnishes a standard for ascertaining literary interdependence when it reflects a 79% average of i...

abstract one of the losses decrease's ways in fields, is the proper irrigation management, which its base is the accurate estimation of crop water requirement. equations which are used to calculate the reference evapotranspiration (eto), do not use the same climatic parameters and due to their empirical base, are not match to all climatic situations. so it is needed to clarify proper methods fo...