introduction: synkinesis and facial asymmetry due to facial nerve palsy are distressing conditions that affect quality of life. unfortunately, these sequelae of facial nerve palsy are unresolved. the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a combination of biofeedback therapy and botulinum toxin a (btx-a) injection for the management of synkinesis and asymmetry of facial muscles.  ...

BACKGROUND Recent studies have examined the effects of brief electrical stimulation (BES) on nerve regeneration, with some suggesting that BES accelerates facial nerve recovery. However, the facial nerve outcome measurement in these studies has not been precise or accurate. Furthermore, no previous studies have been able to demonstrate the effect of BES on synkinesis. The objective of this stud...

introduction: the important sequelae of facial nerve palsy are synkinesis, asymmetry, hypertension and contracture; all of which have psychosocial effects on patients. synkinesis due to mal regeneration causes involuntary movements during a voluntary movement. previous studies have advocated treatment using physiotherapy modalities alone or with exercise therapy, but no consensus exists on the ...

Introduction: The important sequelae of facial nerve palsy are synkinesis, asymmetry, hypertension and contracture; all of which have psychosocial effects on patients. Synkinesis due to mal regeneration causes involuntary movements during a voluntary movement. Previous studies have advocated treatment using physiotherapy modalities alone or with exercise therapy, but no consensus exists on the ...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To describe a modified facial nerve reconstruction technique for complex defects of the facial fan after parotid surgery that avoids synkinesis between upper and lower face. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS Patients who had undergone radical parotidectomy with a large defect of the facial fan, reconstruction of the upper face by facial nerve interpositio...

IMPORTANCE Reconstruction of the facial nerve after radical parotidectomy is commonly performed with cable grafting, which is associated with slow recovery of nerve function and synkinesis. OBJECTIVE To describe facial nerve reconstruction after radical parotidectomy using concurrent masseteric nerve transfer and cable grafting. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective medical r...

Purpose: To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of neuromuscular re-education technique and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique on improving facial disability and synkinesis in rehabilitation of bell's palsy. Methodology: It was a randomized clinical trial consisting 40 participants (males and females) 20 in each group, with Bell’s palsy of non-traumatic origin. Group A recei...

BACKGROUND Markus-Gunn Jaw-winking Phenomenon (MGJW) is a congenital ptosis associated with synkinetic movement of upper lid on masticating movements of jaw. It results from aberrant connection between motor division of trigeminal nerve and oculomotor nerve. OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical characteristics of MGJW phenomenon and evaluate its surgical outcomes of unilateral levator excisi...