The phylogeny of symbiotic genes of Astragalus glycyphyllos L. (liquorice milkvetch) nodule isolates was studied by comparative sequence analysis of nodA, nodC, nodH and nifH loci. In all these genes phylograms, liquorice milkvetch rhizobia (closely related to bacteria of three species, i.e. Mesorhizobium amorphae, Mesorhizobium septentrionale and Mesorhizobium ciceri) formed one clearly separa...

Natural products (secondary metabolites) found in marine invertebrates are often thought to be produced by resident symbiotic bacteria, and these products appear to play a major role in the symbiotic interaction of bacteria and their hosts. In these animals, there is extensive variation, both in chemistry and in the symbiotic bacteria that produce them. Here, we sought to answer the question of...

Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus are members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, and are engaged in a mutualistic association with the entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema and Heterorhabditis, respectively. In the present study, the organic fraction of ethyl acetate bacterial crude extracts of the symbiotic bacteria, Xenorhabdus stockiae and Photorhabdus luminescens isolated from entomopathogenic ...

Symbiosis between rhizobia soil bacteria and legume plants results in the formation of root nodules where plant cells are fully packed with nitrogen fixing bacteria. In the host cells, the bacteria adapt to the intracellular environment and gain the ability for nitrogen fixation. Depending on the host plants, the symbiotic fate of bacteria can be either reversible or irreversible. In Medicago a...

Erythrina velutina ("mulungu") is a legume tree from Caatinga that associates with rhizobia but the diversity and symbiotic ability of "mulungu" rhizobia are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize "mulungu" rhizobia from Caatinga. Bacteria were obteined from Serra Talhada and Caruaru in Caatinga under natural regeneration. The bacteria were evaluated to the amplification o...

Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus are symbiotic with entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the genera Heterorhabditis and Steinernema, respectively. These bacteria produce several secondary metabolites including antimicrobial compounds. The objectives of this study were to isolate and identify EPNs and their symbiotic bacteria from Mae Wong National Park, Thailand and to evaluate the antibacterial ac...

Rhizobia are an important component of sustainable agricultural production. In symbiosis with legumes, they provide adequate amounts nitrogen for their growth and leave in the soil crops that follow rotation. One major threats to symbiotic fixation herbicides. The effect herbicides on can be positive or negative. is manifested stimulation development rhizobia. When negatively affected, efficien...

background: regarding to the growing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld), concentrating on various strategies to its prevention and management seems necessary. the aim of this study was to determine the effects of symbiotic on c‑reactive protein (crp), liver enzymes, and ultrasound findings in patients with nafld. methods: eighty nafld patients were enrolled in this randomize...

The mutualistic association between the squid Euprymna scolopes and the bacterium Vibrio fischeri is an emerging experimental system for the study of the influence of bacteria on animal development. Taking advantage of the ability to raise both this host and its microbial partner independently under laboratory conditions, we describe the effects of bacterial interactions on morphogenesis of the...

During the onset of the cooperative association between the Hawaiian sepiolid squid Euprymna scolopes and the marine luminous bacterium Vibrio fischeri, the anatomy and morphology of the host's symbiotic organ undergo dramatic changes that require interaction with the bacteria. This morphogenetic process involves an array of tissues, including those in direct contact with, as well as those remo...