The aim of this study is introduction on microbials as an effective agent in the human body. Microbial (symbiotic microorganisms) means the general and universal ecosystem of riches, all genes and masses of micronutrients, regardless of their genera and species, are referred to in a particular section. The symbiotic microbials have a symbiotic relationship with host creatures. This means that t...

The phycobiliprotein phycoerythrin was localized in symbiotic and free-living Nostoc of the cycad Cycas using immunocytochemistry. In symbiotic Nostoc, phycoerythrin was associated with the thylakoid membranes of vegetative cells and absent from heterocysts. Similar cellular/subcellular localization was observed between symbiotic Nostoc and the free-living Cycas isolate Nostoc 7422.

Vesicomyid bivalves are among the most abundant and diverse symbiotic taxa in chemosynthetic-based ecosystems: more than 100 different vesicomyid species have been described so far. In the present study, we investigated the phylogenetic positioning of recently described vesicomyid species from the Gulf of Guinea and their western Atlantic and Pacific counterparts using mitochondrial DNA sequenc...

Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of numerous Frankia strains, using a nifDH probe, separated the strains into three distinct groups based on hybridization patterns. The groups identified in this study were well correlated with host specificity groups identified in earlier cross-inoculation studies.

The aim of this study is introduction on microbials as an effective agent in the human body. Microbial (symbiotic microorganisms) means the general and universal ecosystem of riches, all genes and masses of micronutrients, regardless of their genera and species, are referred to in a particular section. The symbiotic microbials have a symbiotic relationship with host creatures. This means that t...

Biological systems can generally adapt environmental changes and to create symbiotic relationship with other species, by changing their intra-cellular states flexibly. However, the mechanisms for such flexible adaptation and creation of symbiotic relationship remain unclear. In this study, by using simple computer models of cells, we show that for cells whose gene expression fluctuate stochasti...

Pale anemones (Aiptasia pallida) coexist with dinoflagellates (primarily Symbiodinium minutum) in a mutualistic relationship. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of these symbionts in gonad development of anemone hosts. Symbiotic and aposymbiotic anemones were subjected to light cycles that induced gametogenesis. These anemones were then sampled weekly for nine weeks, and gona...

The nitrogen fixation (nif) genes of nodule-forming Bradyrhizobium strains are generally located on symbiosis islands or symbiosis plasmids, suggesting that these genes have been transferred laterally. The nif genes of rhizobial and non-rhizobial Bradyrhizobium strains were compared in order to infer the evolutionary histories of nif genes. Based on all codon positions, the phylogenetic tree of...