After closure of the posterior neuropore, the caudal part of the embryo designated as the 'tail bud' forms a mass of undifferentiated cells from which the lumbosacral and caudal parts of the body develop. It has been proposed that the tail bud is a homogeneous structure comparable to a blastema (Holmdahl, 1925; Griffith et al., 1992). Another view is that morphogenesis of the tail bud is merely...

We describe a gall midge Parampelomyia yukawai Elsayed and Tokuda gen. nov. sp. belonging to the subtribe Schizomyiina (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Asphondyliini) based on an integrative taxonomic study. This species forms barely-swollen flower bud galls porcelain berry Ampelopsis brevipedunculata var. heterophylla (Vitaceae) in Japan. The new genus is distinguishable from all known schizomyiine ge...

Reports on the stages when chick flank ectoderm can respond to ridge induction are contradictory. Different results have been obtained using presumptive wing or leg bud mesoderm as the inducing tissue with flank ectoderm as the responding tissue. In addition, although incomplete outgrowths have been obtained from recombinants with stage-19 flank ectoderm in a small percentage of cases, no compl...

Reports on the stages when chick flank ectoderm can respond to ridge induction are contradictory. Different results have been obtained using presumptive wing or leg bud mesoderm as the inducing tissue with flank ectoderm as the responding tissue. In addition, although incomplete outgrowths have been obtained from recombinants with stage-19 flank ectoderm in a small percentage of cases, no compl...

Apical dominance is the control exerted by the shoot apex over lateral bud outgrowth. The concepts and terminology associated with apical dominance as used by various plant scientists sometimes differ, which may lead to significant misconceptions. Apical dominance and its release may be divided into four developmental stages: (I) lateral bud formation, (II) imposition of inhibition on lateral b...

introduction cultivated alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) is the main, most of the time the only, forage for ruminants in iran as well as many other parts of the world. harvesting high quality forage is critical for iranian dairy industry, because it affects the performance of animals and reduces amount of concentrates utilization in dairy diets. unfortunately the most parts of the concentrates ingr...

Bassia latifolia bud and Cajanus cajan seed were evaluated for anti-fertility activity in mature female mice. Anti-fertility activity was evaluated by observing the estrus cycle, body weight, wet weight of ovaries, steroidogenic enzymes, and substrates. Bassia latifolia bud and Cajanus cajan seed extract arrested normal oestrous cycle at dioestrous stage. The decrease in weight of ovar...

Ethanol has been reported to cause mycelial growth in Candida tropicalis Pk233, and mycelial growth has also been shown to be abolished by concomitant addition of myo-inositol. In this study, the process of ethanol-induced mycelial growth in this organism was examined in combination with cytological characterization of actin localization. Cultivation with ethanol gave biphasic growth curves. Du...

deficit of oil seeds and high volume of oil imports in iran, and limitation of water sources against production of many oil seed crops, demonstrate the importance of detection tolerant species and cultivars for stressful conditions and their most sensitive growth stages to saline stress. in order to study response of spring safflowers (carthamus tinctorius l.) genotypes to disruption irrigation...

Young seedlings of the conifer Norway spruce exhibit short day (SD)-induced cessation of apical growth and bud set. Although different, constant temperatures under SD are known to modulate timing of bud set and depth of dormancy with development of deeper dormancy under higher compared to lower temperature, systematic studies of effects of alternating day (DT) and night temperatures (NT) are li...