When a ow, discontinuous across a switching surface, points \inward" so one cannot leave, it induces a unique ow within the surface, called the sliding mode. Uniqueness of sliding modes does not obtain in general when several such surfaces intersect, and models must be reened. Following our earlier papers, we investigate the consequences of such reene-ments. We show that a natural mechanism, to...

in this paper the factor of safety (fs) and critical line-segments slip surface obtained by the alternating variable local gradient (avlg) optimization method was presented as a new topic in 2d. results revealed that the percentage of reduction in the fs obtained by switching from a circular shape to line segments was higher with the avlg method than other methods. the 2d-avlg optimization meth...

The collapse of flows onto hypersurfaces where their vector fields are discontinuous creates highly robust states called sliding modes. The way flows exit from such sliding modes can lead to complex and interesting behaviour about which little is currently known. Here, we examine the basic mechanisms by which a flow exits from sliding, either along a switching surface or along the intersection ...

Photochromic studies of diarylethenes with their switching unit linked to the surface of gold nanoparticles via a conjugated aromatic spacer show linker-dependent switching behavior.

Vortex core reversal in magnetic particle is essentially influenced by a surface anisotropy. Under the action of a perpendicular static magnetic field the vortex core undergoes a shape deformation of pillowor barrel-shaped type, depending on the type of the surface anisotropy. This deformation plays a key point in the switching mechanism: We predict that the vortex polarity switching is accompa...

Three approximate switching algorithms for trajectory surface hopping calculations are presented using simple models to describe the dependence of the hopping probability on the nonadiabatic coupling strength. The switching algorithms are applied to the calculation of the electronic deexcitation in ethylene, methaniminium ion and trans-azobenzene. Compared with the results from the standard few...