introduction: nowadays opioids are gaining acceptance for the management of moderate to severe and chronic pain. in addition, a number of studies have shown that plasma levels of β-endorphin (βep) in exercise trained are higher than sedentary rats. in our study we assume that exercise training can reduce pain after withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent rats. methods: male wistar rats (250±2...

the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of basic swimming skills training on gross motor skills in male autistic children (7-11 years old). for this purpose, 20 autistic children (mean + sd age: 10.3±1.05 yr and bmi: 18.9±1.76 kg/m2) were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control (each group 10 subjects). the training protocol of the experimental group was impleme...

Regular exercise can protect the heart against external stimuli, but the mechanism is not well understood. We determined the role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in regulating swimming exercise-mediated cardiac protection against β-adrenergic receptor overstimulation with isoproterenol (ISO) in mice. Ten-week-old AMPKα2+/+ and AMPKα2-knockout (AMPKα2-/-) littermates w...

OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of training in swimming and water safety on young preschool-children's ability to recover safely from a simulated episode of falling into a swimming pool. DESIGN Randomized trial of 12 or eight weeks' duration water safety and swimming lessons for children 24 to 42 months old. OUTCOME MEASURES Swimming ability, deck behavior, water recovery, and swimming ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although acute exhaustive exercise is known to increase liver reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and aerobic training has shown to improve the antioxidant status in the liver, little is known about mitochondria adaptations to aerobic training. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the aerobic training on oxidative stress markers and antioxi...

Swimming evaluation it’s the most appropriate procedure to analyze the development of a swimmer since age group swimming. The training control provides tools to prescribe intensities and volumes of training, but also assesses the improvement of each swimmer throughout that prescription. In the season 2007/2008 Leiria’ Swimming Association had 419 swimmers competing by 13 Swimming Clubs. A selec...