Introduction: Spontaneous rupture of tendons and ligaments is common in several species including humans. In horses, degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis (DSLD) an important acquired idiopathic disease a major energy-storing tendon-like structure. DSLD risk increased breeds, the Peruvian Horse. Affected horses have often been used for breeding before apparent. Breed predisposition suggests...

The cranial suspensory ligament is located on the border of the cranial (mesonephric) mesentery in adult female mammals, which runs between the cranial pole of the internal genitalia and the dorsal abdominal wall. Absence of the cranial suspensory ligament in male mammals depends upon exposure of its primordium to fetal testicular androgens and is a prerequisite for testis descent. Female rats ...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to use a three-dimensional (3D) visualization technology to illustrate and describe the anatomical features of the penile suspensory ligamentous system based on the Visible Human data sets and to explore the suspensory mechanism of the penis for the further improvement of the penis-lengthening surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cross-sectional images retrieved fr...

BACKGROUND Axial osteitis of the proximal sesamoid bones and desmitis of the intersesamoidean ligament has been described in Friesian horses as well as in other breeds. The objectives of this study were to review the outcome of clinical cases of this disease in Friesian horses and analyse the pathology of the bone-ligament interface. Case records of Friesian horses diagnosed with axial osteitis...

In this clinical study, for the first time we used the direct gene therapy to restore severe injuries of the suspensory ligament branch and superficial digital flexor tendon in horses (Equus caballus). We injected the plasmid DNA encoding two therapeutic species-specific growth factors: vascular endothelial growth factor 164 and fibroblast growth factor 2 at the site of injury in the suspensory...

BACKGROUND Injury to the supraspinous ligament (SSL) is reported to cause back pain in the horse. The diagnosis is based on clinical examination and confirmed by ultrasonographic examination. The ultrasonographic appearance of the supraspinous ligament has been well described, but there are few studies that correlate ultrasonographic findings with clinical pain and/or pathology. This preliminar...

Suspensory femoral graft fixation has been a popular and reliable method in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Some authors have introduced suspensory femoral fixation in posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction using inside-out (IO) technique. The use of IO technique for femoral tunnel preparation could significantly sharpen the critical corner, which might result in graf...

AIM The present study was conducted to evaluate the equine palmar tendon by ultrasonography (USG) in standing the position. MATERIALS AND METHODS USG of palmar tendons was performed in 40 adult horses using linear transducer having frequency of 10-18 MHz (e-soate, My Lab FIVE) and L52 linear array transducer (Titan, SonoSite) with frequencies ranging from 8 to 10 MHz. Palmar tendon was divide...

Criteria for case selection within study. All horses were lame with the source of the lameness located to the stifle. No cases were included in this study with obvious radiographic or ultrasonographic abnormalities. (e.g. Osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) of the lateral trochlear ridge, Osseous Cyst Like Lesion (syn bone cyst) on the medial femoral condyle, collateral ligament desmitis, patella f...