The association of TP53 P72R (rs1042522) with longevity remains uncertain and varies with ethnicity. Here, we tested its association with longevity in a cross-sectional population of Central Italy (18-106 years, N = 1,072), by integrating demographic information and frequency data to account for the different survival rates between sexes through the application of a genetic-demographic approach...

PURPOSE This study determines the survival benefit and cost-effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in elderly women with breast cancer. In addition, the analysis measures the impact of substituting active life expectancy for survival in the clinical decision. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two cohorts of women with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, stage I breast cancer from age 60 to 80 years were moni...

the gastric cancer in iran is the fourth in the general population. this study was designed to determine the five-year survival rate of gastric cancer patients, and to assess its associated factors. we analyzed the data using a time-dependent covariates model, and recommend it for analyses of similar data. 281 gastric cancer patients with adenocarcinomatous pathology who had been operated on at...

The hazard ratio (HR) is the most common measure of treatment effect in clinical trials that use time-to-event outcomes such as survival. When survival curves cross over or separate only after a considerable time, the proportional hazards assumption of the Cox model is violated, and HR can be misleading. We present two measures of treatment effects for situations where the HR changes over time:...

Within the last two centuries every country around the globe has experienced sustained periods of progress in survival, with health transitions beginning as early as the 1770s and as recently as the 1970s.1 Around 1800, when some countries were beginning their transitions, life expectancy at birth was as low as 22.5 years in the indigenous populations of Oceania and as high as 34.8 years in som...

Development debates have been greatly influenced by the growth consensus: the conventional wisdom that economic growth should be the primary priority for less-developed countries (LDCs) because it most effectively improves the well-being of the world’s poor. We compare the impact of growth to other independent variables in an unbalanced panel analysis of up to 109 LDCs and 580 observations acro...

BACKGROUND Estimates of life expectancy are a key input to cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) models for cancer treatments. Due to the limited follow-up in Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), parametric models are frequently used to extrapolate survival outcomes beyond the RCT period. However, different parametric models that fit the RCT data equally well may generate highly divergent predictio...