On the basis of the state–space method (SSM), a novel linear mathematical model of the unsteady flow for the tailrace system with an open channel is proposed. This novel model is an elastic linearized model of water hammer. The validity of the model has been verified by several examples of numerical simulation, which are based on a finite difference technique. Then, the complete mathematical mo...

The surge tank located at the upstream head of penstocks and shafts of hydropower plants is an effective measure to protect the headrace tunnels against high pressure fluctuations. It reflects the transient pressure waves that are generated by the variation of the flow discharge inside the powerhouse. The upand down-surges inside the tank, as well as, the percentage of the transmitted pressure ...

This paper investigates governor design by reduced-order sliding mode for a hydropower plant with an upstream surge tank. The governing system is made up of a tunnel, a surge tank, a penstock, a wicket gate and servomechanism, a governor, a hydro-turbine and a grid. Concerning the components of the governing system, their mathematic models are established. Then, these models are interconnected ...

Due to the European electricity market liberalization and the appearance of other renewable electricity producers, an increase of installed peak power capacity is relevant to provide larger amount of electricity in a shorter turbine duration. When the discharge increase is not too large, it is frequently efficient to place an orifice at the entrance of the existing surge tank. Actually, the sur...

The objective of this study is to develop a controller to perform trajectory tracking for a Biomimetic Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (BAUV). A mathematical model of a BAUV including both a caudal fin and pectoral fins is proposed for the motion simulation. Control patterns to manipulate the caudal fin and a pair of pectoral fins are developed. For body-caudal fin control, parameters that are es...

surge and rotating stall phenomena are two dynamic instabilities that occur in both axial and centrifugal compressors. surge is the stream instability phenomenon in compressor that imposes severe damages to the compressors. nowadays, suppressing surge phenomenon is one of the most important issues in oil and gas industries, especially when flow reduction or gas reflux is considered. this resear...