A systematic experimental study of the effect of several factors on the mean drop diameter, d32, during emulsification, is performed with soybean oil-in-water emulsions. These factors are (1) type of used emulsifier; (2) emulsifier concentration, CS; and (3) ionic strength of the aqueous solution. Three different types of emulsifier, anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS), nonionic (polyoxyethyl...

Gigaporous poly(styrene-divinyl benzene) microspheres made via the surfactant reverse micelles swelling method had a controllable pore size of 100–500 nm. These microspheres had unique advantages in biomacromolecule separation and enzymes immobilization. However, the obtained microspheres adhered to each other in the preparation process. Though the weak aggregation could be re-dispersed easily ...

In self-emulsification higher-energy micrometre and sub-micrometre oil droplets are spontaneously produced from larger ones and only a few such methods are known. They usually involve a one-time reduction in oil solubility in the continuous medium via changing temperature or solvents or a phase inversion in which the preferred curvature of the interfacial surfactant layer changes its sign. Here...

Lecithin-rich mixtures of the nontoxic surfactants lecithin and Tween 80 are effective marine oil spill dispersants, but produce much higher oil-water interfacial tension than other, comparably effective dispersants. This suggests interfacial phenomena other than interfacial tension influence lecithin-Tween 80 dispersants' effectiveness. The interface between seawater and dispersant-crude oil m...

We investigated how phase behavior changes by replacing water with glycerol in water/mixture of polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) and hexaglycerol monolaurate (HGML) /vegetable oil system, and studied the effect of glycerol on o/w nano-emulsion formation using an isothermal low-energy method. In the phase behavior study, the liquid crystalline phase (Lc) + the sponge phase (L3) expanded towar...

A new, simple, rapid, sensitive and environmentally friendly ultrasound-assisted emulsification dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (UAE-DLLME) has been developed for trace nickel Ni(II) separation preconcentration in environmental samples prior to spectrophotometric determination. The proposed method based on using non-ionic water-soluble surfactant Triton X-114 (TX-114) as a disperser so...

Poor water solubility remains main culprit for the formulation scientist which can be overcome by nanonization. Nanoemulsion is kinetically stable and isotropic system of two immiscible liquids in sub microne size range. Nanoemulsions are composed of oil droplets dispersed in an aqueous medium and stabilized by surfactant molecules. Advantages of nanoemulsions include increased drug loading and...

We have re-examined the phase inversion temperature (PIT) emulsification process. This is a low-energy method that uses a physicochemical drive to produce very fine oil/water emulsions in the absence of high shear flows. We used the polyoxyethylene 8 cetyl ether (C(16)E(8))/hexadecane/water system, which has a PIT of 76.2 degrees C. We find that successful emulsification depends on two conditio...