I propose a market based on a single load-following product in which each supplier bids to serve its desired share of the Colombia regulated load. Thus, a supplier that wins a 10% share at auction has an obligation to serve 10% of the actual regulated load in every hour of the commitment period. The supplier is paid the MOR clearing price for every MWh of energy supplied. Deviations between the...

Water problems are typically studied at the level of the river catchment. About 70% of all water is used for agriculture, and agricultural products are traded internationally. A full understanding of water use is impossible without understanding the international market for food and related products, such as textiles. The water embedded in commodities is called virtual water. Based on a general...

There are warning signs for impending scarcity of certain technology metals that play a critical role in high-tech products. The scarce elements are indispensable for the design of modern technologies with superior performance. Material scarcity can restrain future innovations and presents therefore a serious risk that must be counteracted. However, the risk is often underrated in the pursuit o...

INTRODUCTION It is common for leiomyoma to undergo various secondary changes like hyaline degeneration, cystic change, myxoid degeneration, infection, necrosis, calcification, red degeneration and very rarely ossification. They are said to result from inadequate blood supply resulting in replacement of muscle fibres by hyaline material, collagen, calcium, mucopolysaccharides or a combination of...

The scarcity of water resources and supply resources limitation, have caused an increasing gap between water supply and demand specially in recent decades in almost all regions of the globe. One of the best known solutions proposed by the economists is using the different water pricing approaches thereby obtaining the optimal allocation and social justice. To this purpose, this paper uses the p...

As human population and material consumption increase in coming decades, scarcities of natural resources will increase in some regions. Will societies be able to adapt? The present article builds on three key insights derived, in part, from "new growth theory" in economics. First, ideas are a factor of economic production; second, not only can ideas for new technologies contribute to production...

We present a computational approach to identify dominant market conditions, such as over-supply or scarcity, and to predict market changes in automated exchange environments. Intelligent agents can learn the characteristics of prevailing economic conditions, or regimes, from historical data. Agents can then use real-time observable information to identify the current market regime and forecast ...