Graphene demonstrated potential for practical applications owing to its excellent electronic and thermal properties. Typical graphene field-effect transistors and interconnects built on conventional SiO2/Si substrates reveal the breakdown current density on the order of 1 μA/ nm (i.e., 10 A/cm), which is ∼100× larger than the fundamental limit for the metals but still smaller than the maximum a...

1 Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland 2 Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, St James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland 3 Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Sir Patrick Duns Research Laboratory, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland 4 School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, The C...

Determination of reliable crystallization ages by K-Ar methods for young (<1 Ma), fresh basalts from the seafloor has been frustrated by several effects. The small amounts of radiogenic 4øAr developed over these timescales in such 10w-K rocks are difficult to resolve from predominantly atmospheric 4øAr. An additional concern is that mantle-derived 4øAr may not be totally outgassed when magmas q...

OBJECTIVES To investigate whether postnatal benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) exposure caused the impairments on the process of neurodevelopment and the alteration in the calcium medium in the neonatal rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty neonatal Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (untreated control group, vehicle group, 0.02 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg B(a)P-exposed group). Rat...

Loss-of-function mutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans gene sup-18 suppress the defects in muscle contraction conferred by a gain-of-function mutation in SUP-10, a presumptive regulatory subunit of the SUP-9 two-pore domain K(+) channel associated with muscle membranes. We cloned sup-18 and found that it encodes the C. elegans ortholog of mammalian iodotyrosine deiodinase (IYD), an NADH oxida...

Well-posedness of constrained minimization problems via saddle-points BIAGIO RICCERI Dedicated to Professor Jean Saint Raymond on his sixtieth birthday, with my greatest admiration and esteem Here and in the sequel, X is a Hausdorff topological space, J, Φ are two real-valued functions defined in X, and a, b are two numbers in [−∞, +∞], with a < b.

We exploit recently developed topology-optimization techniques to design complex, wavelength-scale resonators for enhancing various nonlinear χ(2) and χ(3) frequency conversion processes. In particular, we demonstrate aperiodic, multi-track ring resonators and two-dimensional slab microcavities exhibiting long lifetimes Q≳104, small modal volumes V≳(λ/2n)3<...

A nonlinear coefficient of 3.6-4.1  W-1  km-1 and group velocity dispersion of -20  ps2/km of a commercial core-pumped thulium-doped fiber have been evaluated using degenerate four-wave mixing at 2 μm. The anomalous dispersion behavior of the fiber has been confirmed by linear measurements with an all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Additionally, no pum...

Nine amber suppressor mutations were isolated in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans by reverting amber alleles of a sex-determining gene, tra-3. One suppressor maps to a known locus, sup-5 III , but the other eight map to three new loci, sup-21 X (five alleles), sup-22 IV (two alleles) and sup-23 IV (one allele). Amber alleles of tra-3 and of a dumpy gene, dpy-20, were used to measure the effi...

Let un sup(ak )∞ k n and vn sup(bk ) ∞ k n be suprema. Then the following obvious relation ak ≤ un and bk ≤ vn , ∀k ≥ n ⇒ ak + bk ≤ un + vn , ∀k ≥ n shows that, upon taking the supremum over all k with k ≥ n, we get sup(ak + bk )∞ k n ≤ un + vn . This shows that for any n ≥ m, we get lim sup k→∞ (ak + bk ) inf j: j≥m sup(ak + bk )∞ k j ≤ sup(ak + bk ) ∞ k n ≤ un + vn Since we know that (un )∞ n...