Sulfur mustard is a synthetic organic compound. It was first manufactured in 1822 by the action of ethene on sulfur monochloride or dichloride. Since then, the methods of manufacture have been refined, although they have not been changed substantially. Three main processes have been used. The Germans produced sulfur mustard using the Meyer process, which involved treating ethylene with hypochlo...

This report describes a case of burn injury following exposure to sulfur mustard, a chemical agent used in war. A review of the diagnostic characteristics, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic measures used to treat this uncommon, yet extremely toxic, entity is presented. The aim of this report is to highlight the importance of considering this diagnosis in any war victim, especially during...

The FeMoco of nitrogenase is an iron-sulfur cluster with exceptional bond-reducing abilities. ENDOR studies have suggested that E4, the state that binds and reduces N2, contains bridging hydrides as part of the active-site iron-sulfide cluster. However, there are no examples of any isolable iron-sulfide cluster with a hydride, which would test the feasibility of such a species. Here, we describ...

Recently a new process for the synthesis of the commercially important semi-crystalline, engineering thermoplastic poly(p-phenylene sulfide/disulfide), PPS/DS, was presented [1]. This process, based on the reaction of p-diiodobenzene (DIB) and sulfur at elevated temperatures (Figure 1), generates a polymeric material containing para-substituted aromatic groups connected by sulfide and disulfide...

The interaction of sulfur mustard with aminoacids and proteins has been investigated in this study. Rats were injected with sublethal doses of sulfur mustard subcutaneously and intraperitoneally. At different time intervals, plasma and urine samples were collected. The binding affinity of sulfur mustard with urinary and plasma proteins and enzymes was studied for the first time using non-i...

Degradation products that could reasonably form upon storage of sulfur mustard have been synthesized and analyzed by GC/MS. Elucidation of the fragmentation pathways was accomplished by means of B3LYP/6-31+G(d) calculations.

OBJECTIVES Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the main late complications of sulfur mustard poisoning. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6 in war veterans with pulmonary complications of sulfur mustard poisoning and their correlation with severity of airways disease. METHODS Fifty consecutive patients with sulfur mustard poisoning and s...

Background: Sulfur mustard was the most widely applied chemical warfare agent by the Iraqi army in Iran–Iraq war (1983-1988). Considering the role of sulfur mustard toxicity in hematopoietic neoplasms and also new role of JAK2 mutation in these neoplasms, we assessed this mutation and delayed hematologic complications in veterans exposed to sulfur mustard. Methods: This case control st...