Subtractive cloning is a powerful technique for isolating genes expressed or present in one cell population but not in another. This method and a related one termed positive selection have their origins in nucleic acid reassociation techniques. We discuss the history of subtractive techniques, and fundamental information about the nucleic acid composition of cells that came out of reassociation...

A small-scale microphone array generally adopts the subtractive beamforming technique, which constructs sharp notches in a spatial beampattern, so that target sound sources are assumed as point sound sources. However, the shapes of actual sound sources are various and not always points. Our mouths are line sound sources or plane sound sources. It is important to deal with line sound sources whe...

We present a formulae-as-types interpretation of Subtractive Logic (i.e. bi-intuitionistic logic). This presentation is two-fold: we first define a very natural restriction of the λμ-calculus which is closed under reduction and whose type system is a constructive restriction of the Classical Natural Deduction. Then we extend this deduction system conservatively to Subtractive Logic. From a comp...

Alteration in gene transcripts is related to a wide spectrum of physiological and pathological changes in cells. Therefore, the identification of differential gene expression can be used to understand biological processes at a molecular level [1-4]. Various techniques such as Expressed Sequence Tags (EST), differential display, Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE), cDNA microarray, and sub...

We introduce and investigate a new type of reductions between counting problems, which we call subtractive reductions. We show that the main counting complexity classes #P, #NP, as well as all higher counting complexity classes # · kP, k 2, are closed under subtractive reductions. We then pursue problems that are complete for these classes via subtractive reductions. We focus on the class #NP (...

and prove that the study of such structures is equivalent to the study of generalized Boolean algebras. We call such structures Boolean subtractive algebras since they are subtractive algebras in the sense of Crapo and Rota ([1], 3.7). Alternatively, such structures might be called generalized colonies since, as we later prove, every colony is a Boolean subtractive algebra. As an example of a B...

The article is a review of the material: MondD. Favor theory – social capital. (Science. Culture. Society. 2022. Vol.28. No.3. P.68–80) and devoted to capital development problem. Based on critical analysis approaches presented in by independent researcher D.Mond conclusions about inconsistency proposed theoretical solutions are drawn. In particular willingness provide services as basis factor ...

In this paper, we explore the applicability of Subtractive Clustering Technique (SCT) to student allocation problem that allocates new students to homogenous groups of specified maximum capacity, and analyze effects of such allocations on the academic performance of students. The paper also presents a Fuzzy set, Subtractive Clustering Technique (SCT) and regression analysis based Subtractive Cl...

In recent years, techniques that combine different manufacturing processes such as additive and subtractive technologies are gaining significant attention. This is due to their ability to capitalise on consolidated advantages of combining these processes. However, there are limited process planning methods available to effectively synthesise additive and subtractive manufacturing technologies. ...

INTRODUCTION Additive manufacturing (AM) refers to a process that builds up a component in layers, as opposed to a subtractive operation, which removes matter from a block of material to form a product.[1,2] An increase in customer demand for customizable, quick turnaround, low cost products has opened the door for AM processes to enter the large scale production market once dominated by subtra...