In this study, functionally graded Ni-Al2O3 composite coating (FGN-A) has been produced from nickel Watt’s bath containing different concentrations of Al2O3 particles. For this, different composite coatings were electroplated in the same bath with different particles concentration to find the optimum concentration of particles in which the maximum content with uniform distribution of Al2O3 part...

this paper considers the possibility of spontaneous transition of aracemic mixture (composed of equal amounts of two enantiomeric species, say l and d) into a monochiral state (in which only one enantiomer, say l, is present). transitions of this kind have been recently experimentally observed. a plausible approach to this phenomenon is a model put forward by frank, based on simple laws of chem...

in biaxially strained p-mosfet with si channel, formation of a parasitic parallel channel due to misalignment of energy bands degrades device performance by increasing off-state current. in this paper a new approach has been introduced to eliminate this parasitic channel by increasing the dopant concentration of virtual substrate up to . using simulation the impact of this method on the parasit...

penicillin g acylase from e. coli ta1 was immobilized by cross-linked enzyme aggregates (clea), a new method for immobilization. this biocatalyst and commercial immobilized penicillin g acylase (pga-450) were used to study the effect of ph, temperature and substrate concentration on the synthesis of ampicillin from phenyl glycine methyl ester (pgme) and 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-apa). compare...

cellulase production by the fungus trichoderma reesei was studied using sugar beet pulp (sbp) as a substrate. the subculture medium was a salt solution consisting of kh2po4, cacl2, etc. fungal cells were sub-cultured in an orbital shaker (180 rpm) at 30°c for 1-2 generations (two days for each generation) and were then used as an inoculum. exponential cells were inoculated into a medium contain...

the ability of neurospora crassa fgsc 4335 in the biotransformation of hydrocortisone was investigated. the microorganism produced two major metabolites after incubation with the substrate for seven days. each microbial product was purified chromatographically and identified on the basis of spectral data. the products were identified as 11?,17?,20?,21-tetrahydroxypregn-4-en-3-one (ii) and 11?-h...

This paper deals with the design of a feedback controller for fed-batch microbial conversion processes that forces the substrate concentration C(S) to a desired setpoint, starting from an arbitrary (initial) substrate concentration when non-monotonic growth kinetics apply. This problem is representative for a lot of industrial fermentation processes, with the baker's yeast fermentation as a wel...